Triller Antoine, Choquet Daniel
INSERM UR497, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 46 Rue d'Ulm, Paris F75005, France.
Trends Neurosci. 2005 Mar;28(3):133-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2005.01.001.
Concentration of neurotransmitter receptors at synapses is thought to result from stable binding to subsynaptic scaffold proteins. Recent data on synaptic plasticity have shown that changes in synaptic strength derive partly from modification of postsynaptic receptor numbers. This has led to the notion of receptor trafficking into and out of synapses. The proposed underlying mechanisms have under-evaluated the role of extrasynaptic receptors. Recent technological advances have allowed imaging of receptor movements at the single-molecule level, and these experiments demonstrate that receptors switch at unexpected rates between extrasynaptic and synaptic localizations by lateral diffusion. Variation in receptor numbers at postsynaptic sites is therefore likely to depend on regulation of diffusion by modification of the structure of the membrane and/or by transient interactions with scaffolding proteins. This review is part of the TINS Synaptic Connectivity series.
人们认为，神经递质受体在突触处的聚集是由于与突触下支架蛋白的稳定结合所致。最近关于突触可塑性的数据表明，突触强度的变化部分源于突触后受体数量的改变。这引发了受体进出突触的运输这一概念。所提出的潜在机制对突触外受体的作用评估不足。最近的技术进步使得能够在单分子水平上对受体运动进行成像，这些实验表明，受体通过横向扩散以意想不到的速率在突触外和突触定位之间转换。因此，突触后位点受体数量的变化可能取决于通过改变膜结构和/或与支架蛋白的瞬时相互作用对扩散的调节。这篇综述是《神经科学趋势》突触连接系列的一部分。
