Schröder Nicolas W J, Schumann Ralf R
Division of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Davis Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Lancet Infect Dis. 2005 Mar;5(3):156-64. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(05)01308-3.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important part in the innate immune recognition of invading microorganisms, initiating sufficient immune responses. Growing amounts of data suggest that the ability of certain individuals to respond properly to TLR ligands may be impaired by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within TLR genes, resulting in an altered susceptibility to, or course of, infectious or inflammatory disease. Most studies have focused on two cosegregating SNPs-Asp299gly and Thr399Ile-within the gene encoding TLR4, the receptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide. These SNPs are present in approximately 10% of white individuals, and have been found to be positively correlated with several infectious diseases. However, these SNPs seem to protect from atherosclerosis and related diseases, which is reviewed in this article also. Meanwhile, SNPs of genes encoding other TLRs-eg, TLR2, which recognises a wide variety of microbial ligands-have been reported, and preliminary studies indicate an impact on susceptibility to infectious and inflammatory diseases as well. This review summarises and discusses the results obtained, and draws conclusions from these data.
Toll样受体（TLRs）在入侵微生物的天然免疫识别中发挥重要作用，启动充分的免疫反应。越来越多的数据表明，某些个体对TLR配体作出适当反应的能力可能会因TLR基因内的单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）而受损，从而导致对感染性或炎性疾病的易感性或病程发生改变。大多数研究集中在编码TLR4（细菌脂多糖的受体）的基因内两个共分离的SNP——Asp299gly和Thr399Ile。这些SNP存在于约10%的白人个体中，并且已发现与几种感染性疾病呈正相关。然而，这些SNP似乎对动脉粥样硬化及相关疾病具有保护作用，本文也对此进行了综述。同时，也有关于编码其他TLR的基因的SNP的报道，例如识别多种微生物配体的TLR2，初步研究表明其对感染性和炎性疾病的易感性也有影响。本综述总结并讨论了所获得的结果，并从这些数据中得出结论。
