Moore David J, Atkinson J Hampton, Akiskal Hagop, Gonzalez Raul, Wolfson Tanya, Grant Igor
San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA 92103, USA.
J Affect Disord. 2005 Mar;85(1-2):191-200. doi: 10.1016/S0165-0327(03)00193-9.
Certain sexual behaviors and abuse of substances contribute to the risk of becoming HIV-infected. Because dispositional characteristics are likely to influence this process, we examined the association between temperament and HIV serostatus in subjects with heavy use of drugs and various sexual risk behaviors.
Two hundred and thirty individuals (81% of whom were HIV-infected) were assessed for underlying temperamental characteristics, substance use, and risky sexual behaviors. Toward this goal, a factor analysis was conducted on a new self-rated Temperament Autoquestionnaire (Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego-Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A)). MANOVA was used to examine overall associations between risky behaviors and temperament. Additionally, directed MANOVAs were conducted for each of six drugs of abuse (alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, opioids, other stimulants, and sedative hypnotics).
Factor analysis confirmed the hypothesized temperament structure of five distinct factors: Cyclothymic, hyperthymic, anxious, irritable-explosive, and depressive. Heavy users of cocaine, other stimulants, and alcohol were more likely to have an irritable-explosive temperament. Interestingly, heavy users of opioids were more likely to show depressive and hyperthymic traits. The inclusion of HIV status as a predictor of temperament did not alter the results. Unlike a previous study, no direct significant relationships were found between risky sexual behaviors and specific temperaments.
Relatively small sample size for a factor analytic study, and cross-sectional design, which cannot determine a cause and effect relationship.
We succeeded in studying and validating five distinct affective temperaments in a substance abuse population. Irritable-explosive, and to a lesser extent, depressive and hyperthymic traits, were associated with substance use, and may place individuals at risk for HIV infection via that mechanism. That current risky sexual practices were not directly linked to temperament may reflect modification in sexual behavior following the acquisition of HIV disease.
某些性行为和药物滥用会增加感染艾滋病毒的风险。由于性格特征可能会影响这一过程，我们研究了大量使用毒品和有各种性风险行为的受试者的气质与艾滋病毒血清状态之间的关联。
对230名个体（其中81%感染了艾滋病毒）进行了潜在气质特征、药物使用和危险性行为的评估。为实现这一目标，对一份新的自评气质自动问卷（孟菲斯、比萨、巴黎和圣地亚哥气质评估 - 自动问卷（TEMPS - A））进行了因素分析。多变量方差分析用于检验危险行为与气质之间的总体关联。此外，对六种滥用药物（酒精、大麻、可卡因、阿片类药物、其他兴奋剂和镇静催眠药）分别进行了定向多变量方差分析。
因素分析证实了五种不同因素的假设气质结构：环性心境、轻躁狂、焦虑、易怒 - 爆发性和抑郁。大量使用可卡因、其他兴奋剂和酒精的人更有可能具有易怒 - 爆发性气质。有趣的是，大量使用阿片类药物的人更有可能表现出抑郁和轻躁狂特征。将艾滋病毒状态作为气质的预测因素并未改变结果。与之前的一项研究不同，未发现危险性行为与特定气质之间存在直接显著关系。
因素分析研究的样本量相对较小，且为横断面设计，无法确定因果关系。
我们成功地在药物滥用人群中研究并验证了五种不同的情感气质。易怒 - 爆发性，以及在较小程度上的抑郁和轻躁狂特征，与药物使用有关，并可能通过该机制使个体面临感染艾滋病毒的风险。当前的危险性行为与气质没有直接联系，这可能反映了感染艾滋病毒疾病后性行为的改变。
