D'Souza Deepak Cyril, Abi-Saab Walid Michel, Madonick Steven, Forselius-Bielen Kimberlee, Doersch Anne, Braley Gabriel, Gueorguieva Ralitza, Cooper Thomas B, Krystal John Harrison
Schizophrenia Biological Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
Biol Psychiatry. 2005 Mar 15;57(6):594-608. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.12.006.
Recent advances in the neurobiology of cannabinoids have renewed interest in the association between cannabis and psychotic disorders.
In a 3-day, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, the behavioral, cognitive, motor, and endocrine effects of 0 mg, 2.5 mg, and 5 mg intravenous Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta-9-THC) were characterized in 13 stable, antipsychotic-treated schizophrenia patients. These data were compared with effects in healthy subjects reported elsewhere.
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol transiently increased 1) learning and recall deficits; 2) positive, negative, and general schizophrenia symptoms; 3) perceptual alterations; 4) akathisia, rigidity, and dyskinesia; 5) deficits in vigilance; and 6) plasma prolactin and cortisol. Schizophrenia patients were more vulnerable to Delta-9-THC effects on recall relative to control subjects. There were no serious short- or long-term adverse events associated with study participation.
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol is associated with transient exacerbation in core psychotic and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. These data do not provide a reason to explain why schizophrenia patients use or misuse cannabis. Furthermore, Delta-9-THC might differentially affect schizophrenia patients relative to control subjects. Finally, the enhanced sensitivity to the cognitive effects of Delta-9-THC warrants further study into whether brain cannabinoid receptor dysfunction contributes to the pathophysiology of the cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia.
大麻素神经生物学的最新进展重新引发了人们对大麻与精神障碍之间关联的兴趣。
在一项为期3天的双盲、随机、安慰剂对照研究中，对13名病情稳定、接受抗精神病药物治疗的精神分裂症患者静脉注射0毫克、2.5毫克和5毫克的Δ⁹-四氢大麻酚（Δ⁹-THC）后的行为、认知、运动和内分泌效应进行了特征描述。这些数据与其他地方报道的健康受试者的效应进行了比较。
Δ⁹-四氢大麻酚短暂增加了1）学习和回忆缺陷；2）精神分裂症的阳性、阴性和一般症状；3）感知改变；4）静坐不能、僵硬和运动障碍；5）警觉性缺陷；以及6）血浆催乳素和皮质醇。与对照组相比，精神分裂症患者更容易受到Δ⁹-THC对回忆的影响。参与研究没有出现严重的短期或长期不良事件。
Δ⁹-四氢大麻酚与精神分裂症核心精神病性和认知缺陷的短暂加重有关。这些数据无法解释精神分裂症患者使用或滥用大麻的原因。此外，与对照组相比，Δ⁹-THC对精神分裂症患者的影响可能存在差异。最后，对Δ⁹-THC认知效应的敏感性增强，这值得进一步研究大脑大麻素受体功能障碍是否导致了与精神分裂症相关的认知缺陷的病理生理学。
