Cummings K Michael, Hyland Andrew, Giovino Gary A, Hastrup Janice L, Bauer Joseph E, Bansal Maansi A
Department of Health Behavior, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2004 Dec;6 Suppl 3:S333-40. doi: 10.1080/14622200412331320734.
The present study assessed smokers' beliefs about the health risks of smoking and the benefits of smoking filtered and low-tar cigarettes, and their awareness of and interest in trying so-called reduced-risk tobacco products. Results were based on a nationally representative random-digit-dialed telephone survey of 1,046 adult (aged 18 years or older) current cigarette smokers. Data were gathered on demographic characteristics, tobacco use behaviors, awareness and use of nicotine medications, beliefs about the health risks of smoking, content of smoke and design features of cigarettes, and the safety and efficacy of nicotine medications. In addition, respondents were asked about their interest in and perceived ability to stop smoking and about their desire for more information about the health risks of smoking. Smokers were least knowledgeable about low-tar and filter cigarettes (65% of responses were incorrect or "don't know") and most knowledgeable about the health risks of smoking (39% of responses were incorrect or "don't know"). The smokers' characteristics most commonly associated with misinformation when all six indices were combined into a summary index were as follows: those aged 45 years or older, smokers of ultralight cigarettes, smokers who believe they will stop smoking before they experience a serious health problem caused by smoking, smokers who have never used a stop-smoking medication, and smokers with a lower education level. Those who believed they would stop smoking in the next year were more knowledgeable about smoking. Some 77% of respondents reported a desire for additional information from tobacco companies on the health dangers of smoking. The present findings demonstrate that smokers are misinformed about many aspects of the cigarettes they smoke and stop-smoking medications and that they want more information about ways to reduce their health risks.
本研究评估了吸烟者对于吸烟健康风险、吸过滤嘴和低焦油香烟的益处的看法，以及他们对尝试所谓低风险烟草产品的认知和兴趣。研究结果基于一项对1046名成年（18岁及以上）当前吸烟者的全国代表性随机数字拨号电话调查。收集了有关人口统计学特征、烟草使用行为、尼古丁药物的认知和使用、对吸烟健康风险的看法、香烟烟雾成分和设计特点以及尼古丁药物的安全性和有效性的数据。此外，还询问了受访者对戒烟的兴趣和自我认知的戒烟能力，以及他们对获取更多吸烟健康风险信息的渴望。吸烟者对低焦油和过滤嘴香烟了解最少（65%的回答不正确或为“不知道”），对吸烟健康风险了解最多（39%的回答不正确或为“不知道”）。当将所有六个指标合并为一个综合指标时，与错误信息最常相关的吸烟者特征如下：45岁及以上者、超轻型香烟吸烟者、认为自己会在因吸烟导致严重健康问题之前戒烟的吸烟者、从未使用过戒烟药物的吸烟者以及教育水平较低的吸烟者。那些认为自己会在明年戒烟的人对吸烟了解更多。约77%的受访者表示希望从烟草公司获得更多关于吸烟健康危害的信息。目前的研究结果表明，吸烟者在他们所吸香烟和戒烟药物的许多方面存在错误认知，并且他们希望获得更多关于降低健康风险方法的信息。
