Polycystic ovary syndrome--a management update.

BACKGROUND

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women and is associated with both reproductive and metabolic disorders.

OBJECTIVE

This article discusses the health risks, clinical assessment and investigations consistent with the new internationally agreed definition of PCOS, available treatments, and the long-term monitoring of women with PCOS.

DISCUSSION

Women with PCOS have an increased risk of endometrial carcinoma, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and possibly cardiovascular disease. Polycystic ovary syndrome is a diagnosis of exclusion of other causes of hyperandrogenism. Screening for diabetes is important. Treatment is directed at the presenting symptom as the primary cause is unknown. Long-term medical treatment may include the oral contraceptive pill or metformin. Long-term surveillance is recommended for the early detection and treatment of potential metabolic complications.