胜者效应和败者效应的社会影响。
The social implications of winner and loser effects.
作者信息
Dugatkin Lee Alan, Druen Matthew
机构信息
Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
出版信息
Proc Biol Sci. 2004 Dec 7;271 Suppl 6(Suppl 6):S488-9. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2004.0235.
Winner and loser effects have now been documented in a number of species. To our knowledge, experimental work, however, has focused exclusively on pairwise interactions, and not the extent to which winner and loser effects impact hierarchy formation. We report the results of experimentally manipulated winner and loser effects on hierarchy formation in a socially living species, the green swordtail, Xiphophorus helleri. Our results demonstrate that randomly chosen winners in pairwise aggressive contests were more likely to emerge as top-ranked individuals in a hierarchy, whereas randomly chosen losers were more likely to emerge as the lowest-ranking individuals, and that 'winner-neutral-loser' hierarchies were significantly overrepresented.
胜败效应现已在许多物种中得到记录。据我们所知，然而实验工作仅专注于两两之间的互动，而非胜败效应在多大程度上影响等级制度的形成。我们报告了在一种群居物种——绿剑尾鱼（Xiphophorus helleri）中，对胜败效应进行实验操纵以研究其对等级制度形成影响的结果。我们的结果表明，在两两对抗性竞争中随机挑选出的获胜者更有可能成为等级制度中排名靠前的个体，而随机挑选出的失败者更有可能成为排名最靠后的个体，并且“胜-无-败”等级制度的出现频率显著过高。
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