预防肺炎：肺炎球菌疫苗和流感疫苗的作用

Preventing pneumonia: the role for pneumococcal and influenza vaccines.

作者信息

Shorr Andrew F

机构信息

Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, 6900 Georgia Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20307, USA.

出版信息

Clin Chest Med. 2005 Mar;26(1):123-34. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2004.10.003.

DOI:10.1016/j.ccm.2004.10.003

PMID:15802174

Abstract

Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza cause a wide spectrum of illness and result in substantial morbidity and mortality. They are significant public health concerns, and vaccines against both organisms exist. The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine has been available in its current form for over 20 years. Nonetheless, definitive evidence from prospective trials of its efficacy is lacking. Experts recommend that patients at high risk for pneumococcal infection and complications from this process be vaccinated. The role for revaccination remains controversial. Traditional influenza vaccine is composed of three virus types and decreases rates of serologically confirmed cases of influenza, hospital admissions for respiratory infection, and mortality. The pneumococcal and influenza vaccines are considered cost-effective options for pneumonia prevention.

摘要

肺炎链球菌和流感可导致多种疾病，并造成大量发病和死亡。它们是重大的公共卫生问题，针对这两种病原体的疫苗均已存在。肺炎球菌多糖疫苗以其目前的形式已上市20多年。然而，缺乏来自前瞻性试验的确切疗效证据。专家建议，肺炎球菌感染及由此引发并发症的高危患者应接种疫苗。再次接种的作用仍存在争议。传统流感疫苗由三种病毒类型组成，可降低血清学确诊的流感病例、因呼吸道感染住院及死亡率。肺炎球菌疫苗和流感疫苗被认为是预防肺炎具有成本效益的选择。