Rumbaut Rolando E, Slaff Dick W, Burns Alan R
Medical Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey V.A. Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
Microcirculation. 2005 Apr-May;12(3):259-74. doi: 10.1080/10739680590925664.
Platelets are intimately involved in hemostasis and thrombosis. Under physiological conditions, circulating platelets do not interact with microvascular walls. However, in response to microvascular injury, platelet adhesion and subsequent thrombus formation may be observed in venules and arterioles in vivo. Numerous intravital video microscopy techniques have been described to induce and monitor the formation of microvascular thrombi. The mechanisms of microvascular injury vary widely among different models. Some models induce platelet activation with minimal effects on endothelium, others induce endothelial inflammation or injury, while other models lead to thrombus formation associated with endothelial denudation. The molecular mechanisms mediating platelet-vessel wall adhesive interactions differ among various models. In some instances, differences in responses between venules and arterioles are described that cannot be explained solely by hemodynamic factors. Several models for induction of microvascular thrombosis in vivo are outlined in this review, with a focus on the mechanisms of injury and thrombus formation, as well as on differences in responses between venules and arterioles. Recognizing these characteristics should help investigators select an appropriate model for studying microvascular thrombosis in vivo.
血小板与止血和血栓形成密切相关。在生理条件下，循环中的血小板不与微血管壁相互作用。然而，在微血管损伤时，体内小静脉和小动脉中可观察到血小板黏附及随后的血栓形成。已有多种活体视频显微镜技术用于诱导和监测微血管血栓的形成。不同模型中微血管损伤的机制差异很大。一些模型诱导血小板活化，对内皮影响极小，另一些模型诱导内皮炎症或损伤，还有一些模型导致与内皮剥脱相关的血栓形成。介导血小板与血管壁黏附相互作用的分子机制在不同模型中也有所不同。在某些情况下，描述了小静脉和小动脉反应的差异，而这种差异不能仅由血流动力学因素来解释。本综述概述了几种体内诱导微血管血栓形成的模型，重点关注损伤和血栓形成机制，以及小静脉和小动脉反应的差异。认识到这些特征应有助于研究人员选择合适的模型来研究体内微血管血栓形成。
