Olff Miranda, Langeland Willie, Gersons Berthold P R
Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychological Trauma, Academic Medical Center/De Meren, University of Amsterdam, Tafelbergweg 25, 1105 BC Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2005 May;29(3):457-67. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.12.006.
Although many people are exposed to extreme stress, only some of them develop psychobiological disturbances that can lead to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or other posttrauma psychopathology. This paper examines the effects of different types of appraisal and coping to find clues to how individuals differ in their neuroendocrine responses to extreme stress. It proposes a conceptual model for components of the adult response to stressors. Threat appraisal and defensive coping may play crucial roles in determining the neuroendocrine response to trauma with potential mental health consequences, particularly PTSD.
尽管许多人都暴露于极端压力之下，但只有一部分人会出现心理生理紊乱，进而导致创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）或其他创伤后精神病理学问题。本文探讨了不同类型的评估和应对方式的影响，以寻找个体在对极端压力的神经内分泌反应方面存在差异的线索。它提出了一个关于成年人对应激源反应组成部分的概念模型。威胁评估和防御性应对可能在决定对创伤的神经内分泌反应以及潜在的心理健康后果（尤其是PTSD）方面发挥关键作用。
