Salvador Alicia, Costa Raquel
Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibáñez 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2009 Feb;33(2):160-70. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.09.005. Epub 2008 Sep 18.
Confronting another individual or group motivated by the same goal is a very frequent situation in human communities that occurs in many other species. Competitive interactions emerge as critical situations that shed light on the effects and consequences of social stress on health. But more important than the situation itself is the way it is interpreted by the subject. This "appraisal" involves cognitive processes that contribute to explaining the neuroendocrine response to these interactions, helping to understanding the vulnerability or resistance to their effects. In this review, we defend the need to study human competition within the social stress framework, while maintaining an evolutionary perspective, and taking advantage of the theoretical and methodological advances in psychology and psychophysiology in order to better understand the cognitive processes underlying the social stress response in humans.
在人类群体以及许多其他物种中，与受相同目标驱使的另一个人或群体对峙是一种非常常见的情况。竞争互动成为关键情境，能揭示社会压力对健康的影响和后果。但比情境本身更重要的是主体对它的解读方式。这种“评估”涉及认知过程，有助于解释对这些互动的神经内分泌反应，有助于理解对其影响的易感性或抵抗力。在本综述中，我们主张有必要在社会压力框架内研究人类竞争，同时保持进化视角，并利用心理学和心理生理学的理论和方法进展，以便更好地理解人类社会压力反应背后的认知过程。
