Miller J G, Bersoff D M
Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-7447.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1992 Apr;62(4):541-54. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.62.4.541.
A 2-session study examined Indian and American adults' and children's (N = 140) reasoning about moral dilemmas involving conflicts between interpersonal and justice expectations. Most Indians gave priority to the interpersonal expectations, whereas most Americans gave priority to the justice expectations. Indians tended to categorize their conflict resolutions in moral terms. In contrast, when Americans gave priority to the interpersonal alternatives, they tended to categorize their resolutions in personal terms. Results imply that Indians possess a postconventional moral code in which interpersonal responsibilities are seen in as fully principled terms as justice obligations and may be accorded precedence over justice obligations. Findings also suggest that a personal morality of interpersonal responsiveness and caring is linked to highly rights-oriented cultural views, such as those emphasized in the United States.
一项为期两阶段的研究考察了印度和美国成年人及儿童（N = 140）在涉及人际期望与正义期望冲突的道德困境中的推理。大多数印度人优先考虑人际期望，而大多数美国人优先考虑正义期望。印度人倾向于从道德角度对他们的冲突解决方案进行分类。相比之下，当美国人优先考虑人际选择时，他们倾向于从个人角度对他们的解决方案进行分类。结果表明，印度人拥有一种后习俗道德准则，在这种准则中，人际责任被视为与正义义务一样完全基于原则，并且可能优先于正义义务。研究结果还表明，人际响应和关怀的个人道德与高度以权利为导向的文化观念相关联，比如美国所强调的那些观念。
