Holland Peter C, Kenmuir Cynthia
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 2005 Apr;31(2):155-71. doi: 10.1037/0097-7403.31.2.155.
Three experiments examined the mechanisms by which downward shifts in reinforcer value influence learning in appetitive unblocking procedures. The downward shift was accomplished by omitting the 2nd of a 2-reinforcer sequence (food-food or food-sucrose). Performance of normal rats was compared with that of rats with lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala, which are thought to interfere with surprise-induced enhancements of event processing. The results suggested that, in normal rats, omission of the 2nd reinforcer enhanced processing of the 1st reinforcer rather than processing of the conditioned stimuli and that lesions of the central nucleus eliminated this enhancement. The roles of reinforcement error signals in conditioning are discussed.
三项实验研究了强化物价值向下转移在食欲性解除阻塞程序中影响学习的机制。通过省略二元强化物序列中的第二个强化物（食物-食物或食物-蔗糖）来实现向下转移。将正常大鼠的表现与杏仁核中央核受损的大鼠进行比较，据认为后者会干扰由意外引发的事件处理增强。结果表明，在正常大鼠中，省略第二个强化物增强了对第一个强化物的处理，而非对条件刺激的处理，并且中央核损伤消除了这种增强。文中讨论了强化误差信号在条件作用中的作用。
