Benson Constance A, Kaplan Jonathan E, Masur Henry, Pau Alice, Holmes King K
University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, USA.
MMWR Recomm Rep. 2004 Dec 17;53(RR-15):1-112.
The National Institutes of Health, the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and CDC have developed guidelines for treatment of opportunistic infections (OIs) among adults and adolescents infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These guidelines are intended for clinicians and other health-care providers who care for HIV-infected adults and adolescents, including pregnant women; they complement companion guidelines for treatment of OIs among HIV-infected children and previously published guidelines for prevention of OIs in these populations. They include evidence-based guidelines for treatment of 28 OIs caused by protozoa, bacteria, fungi, and viruses, including certain OIs endemic in other parts of the world but that might be observed in patients in the United States. Each OI section includes information on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment recommendations, monitoring and adverse events, management of treatment failure, prevention of recurrence, and special considerations in pregnancy. Tables address drugs and doses, drug toxicities, drug interactions, adjustment of drug doses in persons with reduced renal function, and data about use of drugs in pregnant women.
美国国立卫生研究院、美国传染病学会艾滋病医学协会和美国疾病控制与预防中心制定了针对感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的成人和青少年机会性感染（OI）的治疗指南。这些指南面向照顾HIV感染成人和青少年（包括孕妇）的临床医生和其他医疗服务提供者；它们补充了针对HIV感染儿童机会性感染治疗的配套指南以及此前发布的针对这些人群机会性感染预防的指南。指南包括基于证据的针对由原生动物、细菌、真菌和病毒引起的28种机会性感染的治疗指南，其中包括某些在世界其他地区流行但在美国患者中也可能出现的机会性感染。每个机会性感染章节都包含有关流行病学、临床表现、诊断、治疗建议、监测与不良事件、治疗失败的管理、复发预防以及妊娠特殊考虑等方面的信息。表格涉及药物与剂量、药物毒性、药物相互作用、肾功能减退者药物剂量调整以及孕妇用药数据。
