Sasanya James Jacob, Okeng Jasper W Ogwal, Ejobi Francis, Muganwa Margaret
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, Uganda.
Afr Health Sci. 2005 Mar;5(1):33-9.
Use of antimicrobials like sulfonamides in production of layers is a public health risk since it inevitably results in sulfonamide residues in eggs. The presence of the residues may be influenced by knowledge, attitudes and practices of farmers regarding use of sulfonamides (and other antimicrobials) in poultry.
The study aimed at assessing the possible contribution of the knowledge, attitudes and practices of poultry farmers to the presence/levels of sulfonamide residues in hen eggs.
A descriptive cross sectional study was done in the 5 political divisions (and surroundings) of Kampala district. Sixty farmers were systematically sampled from a list of poultry farmers in Kampala and a semi-structured questionnaire administered. Each farmer provided sixty eggs for analysis of sulfadiazine and sulfamethazine residues. Whole eggs were homogenized in acetonitrile and centrifuged twice, extracts evaporated and residues dissolved in mobile phase (32:68, methanol: potassium di-hydrogen phosphate). Fats were removed using hexane while anhydrous sodium chloride was added to break emulsions. Extracts were analyzed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector.
Ninety-five percent of the farmers never observed withdrawal periods although 80% of them knew the importance of withdrawal periods. However, farmers noted that they play a great role in ensuring a safe food supply. Most farmers attributed the non-observance of withdrawal periods to poverty and fear to lose their investments. Ninety-eight percent of the samples had detectable levels of the sulfonamides. Meanwhile, 98.3% of the samples that had detectable sulfonamide residues came from farmers who applied antimicrobials in feeds/ water.
Consumers of hen eggs in Kampala district are at high risk of sulfonamide residue exposure due to poor farming/ regulatory practices.
在家禽养殖中使用磺胺类等抗菌药物存在公共卫生风险，因为这不可避免地会导致鸡蛋中残留磺胺类药物。这些残留物的存在可能受到农民在禽类养殖中使用磺胺类药物（及其他抗菌药物）的知识、态度和做法的影响。
本研究旨在评估家禽养殖户的知识、态度和做法对鸡蛋中磺胺类药物残留的存在/水平可能产生的影响。
在坎帕拉区的5个政治分区（及其周边地区）开展了一项描述性横断面研究。从坎帕拉家禽养殖户名单中系统抽取60名养殖户，并发放半结构化问卷。每位养殖户提供60枚鸡蛋用于分析磺胺嘧啶和磺胺二甲嘧啶残留。将全蛋在乙腈中匀浆，离心两次，提取物蒸发，残留物溶解于流动相（32:68，甲醇：磷酸二氢钾）中。用己烷去除脂肪，加入无水氯化钠以破乳。提取物通过配备光电二极管阵列检测器的反相高效液相色谱法进行分析。
95%的养殖户从未遵守休药期，尽管其中80%的人知道休药期的重要性。然而，养殖户指出他们在确保食品安全供应方面发挥着重要作用。大多数养殖户将不遵守休药期归因于贫困和害怕失去投资。98%的样本中检测到磺胺类药物。同时，98.3%检测到磺胺类药物残留的样本来自在饲料/水中使用抗菌药物的养殖户。
由于养殖/监管做法不当，坎帕拉区的鸡蛋消费者面临磺胺类药物残留暴露的高风险。
