Fink A, Kosecoff J, Chassin M, Brook R H
Am J Public Health. 1984 Sep;74(9):979-83. doi: 10.2105/ajph.74.9.979.
Consensus methods are being used increasingly to solve problems in medicine and health. Their main purpose is to define levels of agreement on controversial subjects. Advocates suggest that, when properly employed, consensus strategies can create structured environments in which experts are given the best available information, allowing their solutions to problems to be more justifiable and credible than otherwise. This paper surveys the characteristics of several major methods (Delphi, Nominal Group, and models developed by the National Institutes of Health and Glaser) and provides guidelines for those who want to use the techniques. Among the concerns these guidelines address are selecting problems, choosing members for consensus panels, specifying acceptable levels of agreement, properly using empirical data, obtaining professional and political support, and disseminating results.
共识方法正越来越多地用于解决医学和健康领域的问题。其主要目的是确定在有争议的主题上的一致程度。倡导者认为，若运用得当，共识策略能够营造结构化的环境，在这种环境中，专家能够获取现有的最佳信息，从而使他们对问题的解决方案比其他方式更具合理性和可信度。本文概述了几种主要方法（德尔菲法、名义小组法以及美国国立卫生研究院和格拉泽开发的模型）的特点，并为想要运用这些技术的人提供指导方针。这些指导方针所涉及的问题包括选择问题、挑选共识小组的成员、确定可接受的一致水平、正确使用实证数据、获得专业和政治支持以及传播结果。
