Bodic François, Hamel Luc, Lerouxel Emmanuelle, Baslé Michel Félix, Chappard Daniel
Inserm EMI 0335-LHEA, Faculté de Médecine, 49045 Angers cedex, France.
Joint Bone Spine. 2005 May;72(3):215-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2004.03.007.
Loss of teeth results in irreversible alveolar bone resorption, and untreated dental disease causes alveolar bone lysis that ultimately leads to loss of teeth. In addition to anchoring the teeth in the alveolar ridge, the maxillary and mandibular bone allows dental restoration procedures, such as construction of root-supported implants, fixed dentures, or removable dentures. However, the functional and cosmetic results depend on the quantity and quality of the maxillary or mandibular bone, which can be affected by many normal and abnormal processes. The alveoli are particularly fragile and labile. Changes in alveolar bone vary considerably across individuals and depend directly on local factors. Many studies have investigated associations between alveolar bone status and bone mass at other skeletal sites. These studies focused chiefly on the course of parodontal disease, alveolar ridge resorption after tooth extraction, and density differences across various mandibular sites. They produced conflicting results, probably because of differences in measurement methods. Measurement sites and methods should be standardized to ensure that reliable and comparable data are obtained. To date, there are few reliable methods for obtaining quantitative measurements of bone mineral content in maxillary and mandibular bone.
牙齿缺失会导致不可逆的牙槽骨吸收，未经治疗的牙齿疾病会引起牙槽骨溶解，最终导致牙齿脱落。除了将牙齿固定在牙槽嵴中，上颌骨和下颌骨还支持牙齿修复程序，如植入牙根、安装固定假牙或活动假牙。然而，修复后的功能和美观效果取决于上颌骨或下颌骨的数量和质量，而这可能会受到许多正常和异常过程的影响。牙槽骨尤其脆弱且不稳定。不同个体的牙槽骨变化差异很大，并且直接取决于局部因素。许多研究调查了牙槽骨状态与其他骨骼部位骨量之间的关联。这些研究主要关注牙周疾病的进程、拔牙后牙槽嵴的吸收以及下颌不同部位的密度差异。由于测量方法不同，这些研究结果相互矛盾。测量部位和方法应标准化，以确保获得可靠且可比的数据。迄今为止，几乎没有可靠的方法来定量测量上颌骨和下颌骨的骨矿物质含量。
