Venkatesh Swapna B, Shetty Smitha Sammith
Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
Jpn Dent Sci Rev. 2025 Dec;61:22-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2025.02.002. Epub 2025 Mar 4.
Residual ridge (RR) refers to the clinical alveolar ridge that remains after the bone and soft tissues have healed following tooth extraction. This ridge undergoes resorption, which is most rapid during the first six months of post-extraction. Subsequently, bone resorption continues at a slower pace throughout life, leading to significant loss of jaw structure over time. This process is commonly known as residual ridge resorption (RRR). RRR is a major factor contributing to the loss of stability and retention, especially in mandibular complete dentures. Severe resorption of the maxillary and mandibular ridges can also lead to a sunken cheek appearance, poorly fitting and unstable dentures, and associated pain and discomfort. Though the etiology of residual ridge resorption remains unclear. It is believed that certain cytokines and individual genetic variations may influence the RRR process. Thus, reviewing the studies that discuss genetic association with the health and resorption of alveolar bone may give clear view on the etiology, help to define the risk and strategize preventive and personalized management of the disease. Hence, we undertook a scoping review to understand the potential genetic factors influencing the Residual ridge resorption (RRR). This review employed PRISMA-ScR extension protocols for scoping review. The results of the study provided significant association between genetic polymorphisms, especially of single gene nucleotide polymorphisms with mandibular residual ridge resorption. Hence understanding the genetic predisposition of patients can guide the clinicians in identifying patients at higher risk of RRR, enabling preventive measures, proactive intervention and careful designing of the prothesis.
剩余牙槽嵴（RR）是指拔牙后骨组织和软组织愈合后残留的临床牙槽嵴。该牙槽嵴会发生吸收，在拔牙后的头六个月内吸收最为迅速。随后，骨吸收在一生中持续以较慢的速度进行，随着时间的推移导致颌骨结构显著丧失。这个过程通常被称为剩余牙槽嵴吸收（RRR）。RRR是导致稳定性和固位丧失的主要因素，尤其是在下颌全口义齿中。上颌和下颌牙槽嵴的严重吸收还可能导致脸颊凹陷、义齿贴合不良和不稳定，以及相关的疼痛和不适。尽管剩余牙槽嵴吸收的病因仍不清楚。据信某些细胞因子和个体基因变异可能影响RRR过程。因此，回顾讨论基因与牙槽骨健康和吸收相关性的研究，可能有助于明确病因，有助于确定风险，并制定该疾病的预防和个性化管理策略。因此，我们进行了一项范围综述，以了解影响剩余牙槽嵴吸收（RRR）的潜在遗传因素。本综述采用PRISMA-ScR扩展方案进行范围综述。研究结果表明基因多态性，尤其是单基因核苷酸多态性与下颌剩余牙槽嵴吸收之间存在显著关联。因此，了解患者的遗传易感性可以指导临床医生识别RRR风险较高的患者，从而采取预防措施、进行积极干预并精心设计修复体。
