Malatynska Ewa, Knapp Richard J
Johnson and Johnson, Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Spring House, PA 19477, USA.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2005;29(4-5):715-37. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.03.014.
This review examines the ways in which dominant-subordinate behavior in animals, as determined in laboratory studies, can be used to model depression and mania in humans. Affective disorders are mood illnesses with two opposite poles, melancholia (depression) and mania that are expressed to different degrees in affected individuals. Dominance and submissiveness are also two contrasting behavioral poles distributed as a continuum along an axis with less or more dominant or submissive animals. The premise of this article is that important elements of both mania and depression can be modeled in rats and mice based on observation of dominant and submissive behavior exhibited under well defined conditions. Studies from our own research, where dominance and submissiveness are defined in a competition test and measured as the relative success of two food-restricted rats to gain access to a feeder, have yielded a paradigm that we call the Dominant Submissive Relationship (DSR). This paradigm results in two models sensitive to drugs used to treat mood disorders. Specifically, drugs used to treat mania inhibit the dominant behavior of rats gaining access to food at the expense of an opponent (Reduction of Dominant Behavior Model or RDBM), whereas antidepressants counteract the behavior of rats losing such encounters; Reduction of Submissive Behavior Model (RSBM). The validation of these models, as well as their advantages and limitations, are discussed and compared with other animal paradigms that utilize animal social behavior to model human mood disturbances.
本综述探讨了在实验室研究中确定的动物的主导-从属行为可用于模拟人类抑郁症和躁狂症的方式。情感障碍是一种情绪疾病，有两个相反的极点，即忧郁症（抑郁症）和躁狂症，在受影响的个体中以不同程度表现出来。主导和顺从也是两个相反的行为极点，沿着一个轴以连续体的形式分布，有或多或少占主导或顺从的动物。本文的前提是，基于在明确界定的条件下观察到的主导和顺从行为，躁狂症和抑郁症的重要元素都可以在大鼠和小鼠中进行模拟。我们自己的研究中，在竞争测试中定义主导和顺从，并将其测量为两只限食大鼠获取喂食器的相对成功率，得出了一个我们称之为“主导-从属关系（DSR）”的范式。这个范式产生了两种对用于治疗情绪障碍的药物敏感的模型。具体来说，用于治疗躁狂症的药物会抑制大鼠以牺牲对手为代价获取食物的主导行为（主导行为减少模型或RDBM），而抗抑郁药则会抵消大鼠在这种遭遇中失败的行为；顺从行为减少模型（RSBM）。讨论了这些模型的验证以及它们的优点和局限性，并与其他利用动物社会行为来模拟人类情绪障碍的动物范式进行了比较。
