Yagi Yukako, Gilbertson John R
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, USA.
J Telemed Telecare. 2005;11(3):109-16. doi: 10.1258/1357633053688705.
The process of digital imaging in microscopy is a series of operations, each contributing to the quality of the final image that is displayed on the computer monitor. The operations include sample preparation and staining by histology, optical image formation by the microscope, digital image sampling by the camera sensor, postprocessing and compression, transmission across the network and display on the monitor. There is an extensive literature about digital imaging and each step of the process is fairly well understood. However, the complete process is very hard to standardize or even to understand fully. The important concepts for pathology imaging standards are: (1) systems should be able to share image files, (2) the standards should allow the transmission of information on baseline colours and recommended display parameters, (3) the images should be useful to the pathologist, not necessarily better or worse than direct examination of a slide under the microscope, (4) a mechanism to evaluate image quality objectively should be present, (5) a mechanism to adjust and correct the minor errors of tissue processing should be developed, (6) a public organization should support pathologists in the development of standards.
显微镜数字成像过程是一系列操作，每一步都对最终显示在计算机显示器上的图像质量有贡献。这些操作包括通过组织学进行样本制备和染色、通过显微镜形成光学图像、通过相机传感器进行数字图像采样、后处理和压缩、通过网络传输以及在显示器上显示。关于数字成像有大量文献，并且该过程的每个步骤都相当为人所知。然而，整个过程很难标准化甚至完全理解。病理成像标准的重要概念包括：（1）系统应能够共享图像文件；（2）标准应允许传输关于基线颜色和推荐显示参数的信息；（3）图像应对病理学家有用，不一定比在显微镜下直接检查玻片更好或更差；（4）应存在客观评估图像质量的机制；（5）应开发调整和纠正组织处理微小误差的机制；（6）一个公共组织应在标准制定方面支持病理学家。
