Kubik Martha Y, Lytle Leslie, Fulkerson Jayne A
School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 2005 Jun;36(6):494-500. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2004.05.010.
To increase our understanding of factors that may influence the dietary and physical activity practices of adolescents attending an alternative high school (AHS).
Seventy students (36 girls, 34 boys) from urban and suburban AHSs in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area participated in 7 focus groups to discuss their perceptions and opinions about factors that influence their eating and physical activity behaviors and to offer suggestions regarding school-based strategies to support and to promote healthy physical activity and eating practices among students. Mixed-gender groups were facilitated by a trained moderator by using a set of standardized questions to guide the 45- to 60-minute discussions. Focus groups were audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed using a 3-step process for qualitative analysis.
Time, cost, availability, and convenience were identified as key factors that influenced students' food choices and the choice to be active physically. Access to healthy foods and physical activity was problematic, especially at school. Students also reported that social support from their friends, family, and teachers, and role-modeling behaviors of adults enhanced their likelihood of eating healthy foods and being active.
Study findings suggest that programs that target social-environmental factors that include norms, role models, social support, and opportunities to practice a health behavior have the potential to affect positively the dietary and physical activity practices of teenagers attending an AHS. Interventions that aim to increase opportunities at school to practice healthy eating and physical activity may be effective, especially in promoting and supporting healthy behavior change among students.
加深我们对可能影响就读替代高中（AHS）的青少年饮食和身体活动习惯的因素的理解。
来自明尼阿波利斯 - 圣保罗大都市地区城市和郊区AHS的70名学生（36名女生，34名男生）参加了7个焦点小组，讨论他们对影响其饮食和身体活动行为的因素的看法和意见，并就支持和促进学生健康身体活动及饮食习惯的校本策略提供建议。由一名经过培训的主持人主持混合性别小组讨论，使用一组标准化问题来指导45至60分钟的讨论。焦点小组讨论进行了录音、转录，并采用三步定性分析过程进行分析。
时间、成本、可获得性和便利性被确定为影响学生食物选择和进行体育活动选择的关键因素。获取健康食品和进行体育活动存在问题，尤其是在学校。学生们还报告说，来自朋友、家人和教师的社会支持以及成年人的榜样行为增加了他们食用健康食品和积极活动的可能性。
研究结果表明，针对包括规范、榜样、社会支持和健康行为实践机会等社会环境因素的项目有可能对就读AHS的青少年的饮食和身体活动习惯产生积极影响。旨在增加学校健康饮食和体育活动实践机会的干预措施可能是有效的，特别是在促进和支持学生的健康行为改变方面。
