Neumark-Sztainer D, Story M, Perry C, Casey M A
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55454, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1999 Aug;99(8):929-37. doi: 10.1016/S0002-8223(99)00222-9.
To assess adolescents' perceptions about factors influencing their food choices and eating behaviors.
Data were collected in focus-group discussions.
SUBJECTS/SETTING: The study population included 141 adolescents in 7th and 10th grade from 2 urban schools in St Paul, Minn, who participated in 21 focus groups.
Data were analyzed using qualitative research methodology, specifically, the constant comparative method.
Factors perceived as influencing food choices included hunger and food cravings, appeal of food, time considerations of adolescents and parents, convenience of food, food availability, parental influence on eating behaviors (including the culture or religion of the family), benefits of foods (including health), situation-specific factors, mood, body image, habit, cost, media, and vegetarian beliefs. Major barriers to eating more fruits, vegetables, and dairy products and eating fewer high-fat foods included a lack of sense of urgency about personal health in relation to other concerns, and taste preferences for other foods. Suggestions for helping adolescents eat a more healthful diet include making healthful food taste and look better, limiting the availability of unhealthful options, making healthful food more available and convenient, teaching children good eating habits at an early age, and changing social norms to make it "cool" to eat healthfully.
APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that if programs to improve adolescent nutrition are to be effective, they need to address a broad range of factors, in particular environmental factors (e.g., the increased availability and promotion of appealing, convenient foods within homes schools, and restaurants).
评估青少年对影响其食物选择和饮食行为因素的看法。
通过焦点小组讨论收集数据。
对象/地点：研究人群包括明尼苏达州圣保罗市2所城市学校7年级和10年级的141名青少年，他们参与了21个焦点小组。
使用定性研究方法，具体为持续比较法对数据进行分析。
被认为影响食物选择的因素包括饥饿和食物渴望、食物吸引力、青少年和家长的时间考虑、食物便利性、食物可得性、父母对饮食行为的影响（包括家庭文化或宗教）、食物益处（包括健康方面）、特定情境因素、情绪、身体形象、习惯、成本、媒体以及素食观念。多吃水果、蔬菜和乳制品以及少吃高脂肪食物的主要障碍包括与其他担忧相比，对个人健康缺乏紧迫感，以及对其他食物的口味偏好。帮助青少年饮食更健康的建议包括让健康食物味道更好、卖相更佳，限制不健康食物的可得性，让健康食物更易获取且更便利，在儿童幼年时教授良好饮食习惯，以及改变社会规范，使健康饮食变得“酷”起来。
应用/结论：研究结果表明，如果改善青少年营养的项目要取得成效，就需要解决广泛的因素，特别是环境因素（例如，家庭、学校和餐馆中更易获取且更具吸引力、便利的食物增多及推广）。
