Bruton A, Lewith G T
School of Health Professions and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
Complement Ther Med. 2005 Mar;13(1):41-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2005.01.003. Epub 2005 Apr 18.
Breathing exercises and breathing retraining are often used in the management of asthma. One specific form of breathing therapy, known as the Buteyko breathing technique (BBT) has received considerable attention, but there is a paucity of rigorous research evidence to support its recommendation for asthma patients. There are only four published clinical trials and two conference abstracts evaluating BBT. Although all have reported improvements in one or more outcome measures, results have not been consistent. This article provides the background to the BBT, reviews the available evidence for its use and examines the physiological hypothesis claimed to underpin it. In common with other therapies, BBT is not a standardised treatment modality. The BBT 'package' is complex, as it also includes advice and education about medication use, nutrition and exercise, and general relaxation. This makes it difficult, and possibly inappropriate, to attempt to tease out a single mechanism. Buteyko's theory relating to carbon dioxide levels and airway calibre is an attractive one, and has some basis in evidence from experimental studies. However, it is not known whether altering breathing patterns can raise carbon dioxide levels significantly, and there is currently insufficient evidence to confirm that this is the mechanism behind any effect that BBT may exert. Further research is necessary to establish unequivocally whether BBT is effective, and if so, how it may work.
呼吸练习和呼吸再训练常用于哮喘的管理。一种特定形式的呼吸疗法，即布泰科呼吸法（BBT）受到了相当多的关注，但缺乏严格的研究证据来支持将其推荐给哮喘患者。仅有四项已发表的临床试验和两篇会议摘要对布泰科呼吸法进行了评估。尽管所有研究都报告了一项或多项结果指标有所改善，但结果并不一致。本文介绍了布泰科呼吸法的背景，回顾了其应用的现有证据，并审视了据称支撑该疗法的生理假说。与其他疗法一样，布泰科呼吸法并非标准化的治疗方式。布泰科呼吸法“套餐”很复杂，因为它还包括有关药物使用、营养和运动以及一般放松方面的建议和教育。这使得试图梳理出单一机制变得困难，甚至可能不合适。布泰科关于二氧化碳水平与气道口径的理论很有吸引力，并且在实验研究证据中有一定基础。然而，尚不清楚改变呼吸模式是否能显著提高二氧化碳水平，目前也没有足够证据证实这就是布泰科呼吸法可能产生任何效果的背后机制。有必要进行进一步研究，以明确布泰科呼吸法是否有效，以及如果有效，其作用方式是怎样的。
