Podder Amrit, Nazim Sariya, Sharma Ashwani, De Angshuman, Singh Vishal, Kumar Jayballabh, Kumar Devesh, Varsha Challa Sri, Jani Parth
Department of Physiology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre, Moradabad, IND.
Department of Biochemistry, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan (Sishumangal Hospital), Kolkata, IND.
Cureus. 2025 Aug 13;17(8):e90027. doi: 10.7759/cureus.90027. eCollection 2025 Aug.
Pranayama is the practice of manipulating breathing, which serves as a dynamic link between the mind and body, and is well known in traditional Indian medicine. When combined with breath control, pranayama alters the heart's output and the blood flow to the kidneys and liver, which in turn controls blood pressure (BP). Vascular abnormalities change the total peripheral resistance, which makes the arteries more rigid and contributes to the development of hypertension. Autonomic modulation is altered by yoga breathing patterns, which results in modifications to cardiovascular functioning that are sustained and continuous, as well as central and autonomic processes, i.e., mechanical and hemodynamic. This narrative review was conducted using sources from PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, and Web of Science, in which we included published literature starting from 1990. We reviewed the existing literature on regular breathing exercises and their effect on blood pressure and body mass index (BMI). In this review, we narrated the influence of regular breathing exercises on blood pressure and BMI with possible mechanistic pathways, such as the roles of hemodynamic fluctuation, endothelial dysfunction modulation, vascular stiffness, and cardiac remodelling, to provide conclusive and comprehensive understanding regarding their intricacy among young individuals.
调息法是一种控制呼吸的练习，它是身心之间的动态联系，在传统印度医学中广为人知。当与呼吸控制相结合时，调息法会改变心脏输出量以及流向肾脏和肝脏的血流量，进而控制血压（BP）。血管异常会改变总外周阻力，使动脉更加僵硬，并导致高血压的发展。瑜伽呼吸模式会改变自主神经调节，从而导致心血管功能的持续和连续改变，以及中枢和自主神经过程，即机械和血液动力学过程。本叙述性综述使用了来自PubMed、Scopus、MEDLINE和科学网的资料进行，其中我们纳入了1990年以来发表的文献。我们回顾了关于常规呼吸练习及其对血压和体重指数（BMI）影响的现有文献。在本综述中，我们阐述了常规呼吸练习对血压和BMI的影响以及可能的作用机制途径，如血液动力学波动、内皮功能障碍调节、血管僵硬和心脏重塑的作用，以提供关于它们在年轻人中复杂性的确切和全面理解。
