Harvey Peter A, Reed Robert A
Engineering and Development Centre, Loughborough University, UK.
Disasters. 2005 Jun;29(2):129-51. doi: 10.1111/j.0361-3666.2005.00277.x.
Environmental sanitation programmes are vital for tackling environmental-related disease and ensuring human dignity in emergency situations. If they are to have maximum impact they must be planned in a rapid but systematic manner. An appropriate planning process comprises five key stages: rapid assessment and priority setting; outline programme design; immediate action; detailed programme design; and implementation. The assessment should be based on carefully selected data, which are analysed via comparison with suitable minimum objectives. How the intervention should be prioritised is determined through objective ranking of different environmental sanitation sector needs. Next, a programme design outline is produced to identify immediate and longer-term intervention activities and to guarantee that apposite resources are made available. Immediate action is taken to meet acute emergency needs while the detailed programme design takes shape. This entails in-depth consultation with the affected community and comprehensive planning of activities and resource requirements. Implementation can then begin, which should involve pertinent management and monitoring strategies.
环境卫生项目对于应对与环境相关的疾病以及在紧急情况下确保人类尊严至关重要。若要产生最大影响，就必须以快速但系统的方式进行规划。一个恰当的规划过程包括五个关键阶段：快速评估与确定优先事项；制定项目设计大纲；立即行动；详细项目设计；以及实施。评估应基于精心挑选的数据，通过与合适的最低目标进行比较来分析这些数据。不同环境卫生部门需求的客观排序决定了干预措施应如何确定优先次序。接下来，制定项目设计大纲以确定立即和长期的干预活动，并确保提供合适的资源。在详细项目设计形成的同时，立即采取行动以满足紧急的迫切需求。这需要与受影响社区进行深入协商，并对活动和资源需求进行全面规划。然后即可开始实施，实施过程应包括相关的管理和监测策略。
