Brennan Richard J, Rimba Kamaruddin
International Rescue Committee, New York, NY 10168, USA.
Emerg Med Australas. 2005 Aug;17(4):341-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-6723.2005.00755.x.
To rapidly determine the public health impact of the Asian tsunami on the population of three communities in Aceh Jaya District, Indonesia, and to prioritize health interventions.
Rapid health assessment, utilizing direct observations, interviews with key informants, a single focus group discussion, town mapping, a review of medical records and a systematic random sample of the entire town of Calang, capital of Aceh Jaya District, Indonesia.
Almost 100% of dwellings were destroyed in all three communities. For the town of Calang: only 18.2% of the pre-tsunami population remained 2 weeks following the disaster, with an estimated 70% of the population having died at the time of impact; government estimates of the remaining population were inflated by approximately 250%; mortality rates were not elevated post-tsunami; 100% of the population lacked access to sanitation and clean water; 85% of children under 5 years reported diarrhoea over the preceding 2 week period; 95% of individuals with a medical complaint reported satisfactory access to clinical care; acute malnutrition was not a significant problem; and over one-fifth of households were hosting an orphan. For the villages of Rigah and Sayeung: approximately 46.2 and 86.0% of the population survived the tsunami impact, respectively; mortality rates were not elevated post tsunami; 100% of the population lacked access to sanitation and clean water; diarrhoea was the main cause of morbidity; primary care services were available only in Rigah; and only Rigah had received external assistance.
Almost two-thirds of the population of the three communities died as a result of the tsunami's impact. Although mortality rates were not elevated post tsunami, significant threats to public health persisted, especially water-borne diseases. Priority activities included emergent environmental health interventions, mobile clinics to the two villages and a more detailed assessment of the needs of orphans. Data were shared with agencies better placed to address needs in the areas of shelter and food aid.
迅速确定亚洲海啸对印度尼西亚亚齐贾亚区三个社区居民的公共卫生影响，并确定卫生干预措施的优先次序。
采用快速卫生评估，包括直接观察、与关键信息提供者访谈、一次焦点小组讨论、城镇绘图、病历审查以及对印度尼西亚亚齐贾亚区首府卡朗全镇的系统随机抽样。
在所有三个社区中，几乎100%的住宅被摧毁。对于卡朗镇：灾难发生两周后，仅18.2%的海啸前居民留存，估计70%的人口在海啸冲击时死亡；政府对剩余人口的估计夸大了约250%；海啸后死亡率未升高；100%的人口无法获得卫生设施和清洁用水；85%的5岁以下儿童在过去两周内报告有腹泻；95%有医疗诉求的人表示能顺利获得临床护理；急性营养不良不是重大问题；超过五分之一的家庭收留了一名孤儿。对于里加和赛亚翁村：分别约有46.2%和86.0%的人口在海啸冲击中幸存；海啸后死亡率未升高；100%的人口无法获得卫生设施和清洁用水；腹泻是发病的主要原因；只有里加有初级保健服务；只有里加获得了外部援助。
这三个社区近三分之二的人口因海啸冲击而死亡。尽管海啸后死亡率未升高，但对公共卫生的重大威胁依然存在，尤其是水源性疾病。优先活动包括紧急环境卫生干预措施、为两个村庄设立流动诊所以及更详细地评估孤儿的需求。数据与更有能力满足住房和食品援助领域需求的机构进行了共享。
