传染病与疫情防控
Communicable Diseases and Outbreak Control.
作者信息
Ameli Jonathan
机构信息
Department of Emergency Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA.
出版信息
Turk J Emerg Med. 2016 Mar 9;15(Suppl 1):20-6. doi: 10.5505/1304.7361.2015.19970. eCollection 2015 Oct.
Abstract
Infectious disease during an emergency condition can raise the death rate 60 times in comparison to other causes including trauma. An epidemic, or outbreak, can occur when several aspects of the agent (pathogen), population (hosts), and the environment create an ideal situation for spread. Overcrowding, poor regional design and hygiene due to poverty, dirty drinking water, rapid climate changes, and natural disasters, can lead to conditions that allow easier transmission of disease. Once it has been established that an emergency condition exists, there must be a prompt and thorough response for communicable disease control. A camp should be created, and the disease managed rapidly. The overall goals are rapid assessment, prevention, surveillance, outbreak control, and disease management.
摘要
紧急情况下的传染病死亡率相比包括创伤在内的其他死因可高出60倍。当病原体、人群（宿主）和环境的多个方面创造了理想的传播条件时，就可能发生流行病或疫情暴发。过度拥挤、因贫困导致的区域设计和卫生条件差、饮用水不洁、气候快速变化以及自然灾害，都可能导致疾病更容易传播的状况。一旦确定存在紧急情况，就必须迅速而全面地应对传染病控制。应设立营地，并迅速控制疾病。总体目标是快速评估、预防、监测、疫情控制和疾病管理。
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