Farha Talal, Thomson Anne H
The John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
Paediatr Respir Rev. 2005 Jun;6(2):76-82. doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2005.03.001.
There are few comprehensive epidemiological studies of pneumonia in the developed world. Ascertainment and definition are important variables in the estimation of pneumonia incidence both in primary care and from hospital data. The available figures suggest a burden of disease in the order of 10-15 cases/1000 children per year and a hospital admission rate of 1-4/1000 per year. Both incidence and hospital admission are greatest in the youngest children and rapidly fall after the age of 5 years. In a majority of cases of community acquired pneumonia an organism is not identified. Viral infections are common and influenza A, B, respiratory syncitial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3 are the most common viruses identified. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacterial cause. Broad brush calculations suggest that the NHS cost of childhood pneumonia in England is 6-8 million pound sterling per annum. This does not include family and social costs. There is potential for new vaccine strategies to decrease childhood pneumonia.
在发达国家，针对肺炎的全面流行病学研究较少。在初级保健机构以及依据医院数据估算肺炎发病率时，确诊和定义是重要的变量。现有数据表明，疾病负担约为每年每1000名儿童中有10 - 15例病例，每年的住院率为每1000人中有1 - 4例。发病率和住院率在幼儿中最高，5岁以后迅速下降。在大多数社区获得性肺炎病例中，病原体未被识别。病毒感染很常见，甲型、乙型流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）以及副流感病毒1、2和3是最常见的被识别出的病毒。肺炎链球菌是最常见的细菌病因。粗略计算表明，英国国民医疗服务体系（NHS）每年用于儿童肺炎的费用为600 - 800万英镑。这还不包括家庭和社会成本。新的疫苗策略有可能降低儿童肺炎的发病率。
