van Loveren C, Moorer W R, Buijs M J, van Palenstein Helderman W H
Department of Cariology, Endodontology, Pedodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Caries Res. 2005 May-Jun;39(3):224-30. doi: 10.1159/000084802.
In 101 fluoride toothpastes, bought in local shops in Burkina Faso (n = 3), China (n = 5), Myanmar (n = 22), Nepal (n = 19), Philippines (n = 13), Syria (n = 22), Togo (n = 7) and Vietnam (n = 10), the total and free ionisable fluoride concentrations were established. The total fluoride concentration of the toothpastes was determined by gas liquid chromatography. The amount of soluble fluoride was measured after dilution in artificial saliva and treatment of the supernatants with acidic phosphatase. The free fluoride concentration in this mixture was measured with a fluoride electrode. Twenty-five percent of all toothpastes contained less than 738 ppm total fluoride, and another 25% contained between 738 and 977 ppm fluoride. Regarding free ionisable fluoride the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile contained < or =275, 780 and 990 ppm fluoride, respectively. Of the 61 toothpastes with declared fluoride concentration, 75% contained a total F concentration of > or =89% of the declared concentration. In 25% of these toothpastes the free ionisable fluoride was < or =55% of the declared fluoride, and in another 25% of the pastes the free ionisable fluoride concentration was > or =89% of the declared fluoride. In conclusion, deficiencies were found regarding the total as well as the free ionisable fluoride concentration of toothpastes bought in non-established market economy countries. Unclear labelling concerning the type and concentration of fluoride was often encountered. A need for quality control of fluoride toothpastes is recommended.
对在布基纳法索（3份）、中国（5份）、缅甸（22份）、尼泊尔（19份）、菲律宾（13份）、叙利亚（22份）、多哥（7份）和越南（10份）当地商店购买的101种含氟牙膏，测定了其总氟化物浓度和可游离氟化物浓度。牙膏的总氟化物浓度通过气液色谱法测定。在人工唾液中稀释并经酸性磷酸酶处理上清液后，测量可溶性氟化物的量。用氟离子电极测量该混合物中的游离氟化物浓度。所有牙膏中有25%的总氟化物含量低于738 ppm，另有25%的氟化物含量在738至977 ppm之间。关于可游离氟化物，第25、50和75百分位数的氟化物含量分别≤275、780和990 ppm。在61种标明氟化物浓度的牙膏中，75%的总氟浓度≥标明浓度的89%。在这些牙膏中，25%的可游离氟化物≤标明氟化物的55%，另有25%的牙膏中可游离氟化物浓度≥标明氟化物的89%。总之，在非市场经济国家购买的牙膏中，总氟化物浓度以及可游离氟化物浓度均存在不足。经常遇到氟化物类型和浓度标注不明确的情况。建议对含氟牙膏进行质量控制。
