O'Callaghan F V, Callan V J
Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Management, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.
Br J Addict. 1992 May;87(5):723-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1992.tb02718.x.
One hundred and twenty-two college students over a 2-week period completed a diary of their drinking habits and reasons for drinking, as well as a structured questionnaire about drinking attitudes and habits. Daily consumption based on the diary was compared with consumption based on a quantity-frequency measure within the questionnaire. There were no significant differences between estimates of consumption based on the two measures, and both measures were highly correlated. The questionnaire was more accurate in classifying drinkers and non-drinkers and led to better identification of those classified as hazardous and harmful drinkers. Sex differences in beliefs about drinking, as well as differences according to drinker classification, were found. Unsafe drinkers rated their drinking episodes as significantly more satisfying, comforting and exciting than other drinkers and were more likely to drink in order to get drunk and to relax. Their beliefs, attitudes and intentions also were more favourable towards the consumption of alcohol. Hotels or clubs were the most preferred locations for beer and spirits consumption while wine was consumed mainly at home. Most drinking took place within a mixed group or with close friends. Findings are discussed in terms of the relative advantages of both diary and quantity-frequency/questionnaire methods.
122名大学生在两周时间内完成了一份关于他们饮酒习惯和饮酒原因的日记，以及一份关于饮酒态度和习惯的结构化问卷。将基于日记的每日饮酒量与问卷中基于数量-频率测量的饮酒量进行了比较。两种测量方法得出的饮酒量估计值之间没有显著差异，且两种测量方法高度相关。问卷在区分饮酒者和非饮酒者方面更准确，能更好地识别出被归类为危险和有害饮酒者的人群。研究发现了饮酒观念上的性别差异，以及根据饮酒者分类的差异。不安全饮酒者认为他们的饮酒经历比其他饮酒者更令人满意、更舒适、更刺激，并且更有可能为了喝醉和放松而饮酒。他们对饮酒的信念、态度和意图也更倾向于饮酒。酒店或俱乐部是饮用啤酒和烈酒最常选择的场所，而葡萄酒主要在家里饮用。大多数饮酒行为发生在混合群体中或与亲密朋友一起。本文从日记法和数量-频率/问卷法的相对优势方面对研究结果进行了讨论。
