Gavrilescu Maria, Chisti Yusuf
Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry, Technical University Iasi, 71 Mangeron Blvd, 700050 Iasi, Romania.
Biotechnol Adv. 2005 Nov;23(7-8):471-99. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2005.03.004.
This review outlines the current and emerging applications of biotechnology, particularly in the production and processing of chemicals, for sustainable development. Biotechnology is "the application of scientific and engineering principles to the processing of materials by biological agents". Some of the defining technologies of modern biotechnology include genetic engineering; culture of recombinant microorganisms, cells of animals and plants; metabolic engineering; hybridoma technology; bioelectronics; nanobiotechnology; protein engineering; transgenic animals and plants; tissue and organ engineering; immunological assays; genomics and proteomics; bioseparations and bioreactor technologies. Environmental and economic benefits that biotechnology can offer in manufacturing, monitoring and waste management are highlighted. These benefits include the following: greatly reduced dependence on nonrenewable fuels and other resources; reduced potential for pollution of industrial processes and products; ability to safely destroy accumulated pollutants for remediation of the environment; improved economics of production; and sustainable production of existing and novel products.
本综述概述了生物技术在可持续发展方面的当前及新兴应用，尤其是在化学品生产和加工领域。生物技术是“将科学和工程原理应用于生物制剂对材料的加工过程”。现代生物技术的一些标志性技术包括基因工程；重组微生物、动植物细胞培养；代谢工程；杂交瘤技术；生物电子学；纳米生物技术；蛋白质工程；转基因动植物；组织和器官工程；免疫测定；基因组学和蛋白质组学；生物分离和生物反应器技术。文中强调了生物技术在制造、监测和废物管理方面能带来的环境和经济效益。这些效益包括：大幅减少对不可再生燃料和其他资源的依赖；降低工业过程和产品的污染可能性；有能力安全销毁累积污染物以修复环境；提高生产经济性；以及可持续生产现有产品和新产品。
