Chiao Leroy, Sharipov Salizhan, Sargsyan Ashot E, Melton Shannon, Hamilton Douglas R, McFarlin Kellie, Dulchavsky Scott A
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Houston, TX, USA.
J Trauma. 2005 May;58(5):885-9. doi: 10.1097/01.ta.0000162456.37962.01.
Ultrasound imaging is a successful modality in a broad variety of diagnostic applications including trauma. Ultrasound has been shown to be accurate when performed by non-radiologist physicians; recent reports have suggested that non-physicians can perform limited ultrasound examinations. A multipurpose ultrasound system is installed on the International Space Station (ISS) as a component of the Human Research Facility (HRF). This report documents the first ocular ultrasound examination conducted in space, which demonstrated the capability to assess physiologic alterations or pathology including trauma during long-duration space flight.
An ISS crewmember with minimal sonography training was remotely guided by an imaging expert from Mission Control Center (MCC) through a comprehensive ultrasound examination of the eye. A multipurpose ultrasound imager was used in conjunction with a space-to-ground video downlink and two-way audio. Reference cards with topological reference points, hardware controls, and target images were used to facilitate the examination. Multiple views of the eye structures were obtained through a closed eyelid. Pupillary response to light was demonstrated by modifying the light exposure of the contralateral eye.
A crewmember on the ISS was able to complete a comprehensive ocular examination using B- and M-mode ultrasonography with remote guidance from an expert in the MCC. Multiple anteroposterior, oblique, and coronal views of the eye clearly demonstrated the anatomic structures of both segments of the globe. The iris and pupil were readily visualized with probe manipulation. Pupillary diameter was assessed in real time in B- and M-mode displays. The anatomic detail and fidelity of ultrasound video were excellent and could be used to answer a variety of clinical and space physiologic questions.
A comprehensive, high-quality ultrasound examination of the eye was performed with a multipurpose imager aboard the ISS by a non-expert operator using remote guidance. Ocular ultrasound images were of diagnostic quality despite the 2-second communication latency and the unconventional setting of a weightless spacecraft environment. The remote guidance techniques developed to facilitate this successful NASA research experiment will support wider applications of ultrasound for remote medicine on Earth including the assessment of pupillary reactions in patients with severe craniofacial trauma and swelling.
超声成像在包括创伤在内的广泛诊断应用中是一种成功的检查方式。已证明由非放射科医生进行超声检查时结果准确；最近的报告表明非医生也可进行有限的超声检查。国际空间站（ISS）上安装了一台多用途超声系统，作为人类研究设施（HRF）的一个组件。本报告记录了在太空中进行的首次眼部超声检查，该检查证明了在长期太空飞行期间评估生理改变或病理情况（包括创伤）的能力。
一名接受过极少超声检查培训的国际空间站机组人员在任务控制中心（MCC）的成像专家远程指导下，对眼睛进行了全面的超声检查。使用一台多用途超声成像仪，结合天地视频下行链路和双向音频。带有拓扑参考点、硬件控制和目标图像的参考卡片用于辅助检查。通过闭合的眼睑获得了眼睛结构的多个视图。通过改变对侧眼睛的光照来演示瞳孔对光的反应。
国际空间站上的一名机组人员在MCC专家的远程指导下，使用B型和M型超声完成了一次全面的眼部检查。眼睛的多个前后位、斜位和冠状位视图清晰地显示了眼球两个部分的解剖结构。通过探头操作很容易看到虹膜和瞳孔。在B型和M型显示中实时评估瞳孔直径。超声视频的解剖细节和逼真度极佳，可用于回答各种临床和太空生理问题。
一名非专业操作人员在国际空间站上使用远程指导，通过一台多用途成像仪对眼睛进行了全面、高质量的超声检查。尽管存在2秒的通信延迟以及失重航天器环境这种非常规设置，但眼部超声图像仍具有诊断质量。为促成美国国家航空航天局（NASA）这项成功的研究实验而开发的远程指导技术，将支持超声在地球上远程医疗中的更广泛应用，包括对严重颅面部创伤和肿胀患者的瞳孔反应评估。
