Kolmer James A
USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2005 Aug;8(4):441-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2005.05.001.
The rusts of wheat are important fungal plant pathogens that can be disseminated thousands of kilometers across continents and oceans by wind. Rusts are obligate parasites that interact with resistance genes in wheat in a gene-for-gene manner. New races of rust develop by mutation and selection for virulence against rust resistance genes in wheat. In recent years, new races of wheat leaf rust, wheat stripe rust, and wheat stem rust have been introduced into wheat production areas in different continents. These introductions have complicated efforts to develop wheat cultivars with durable rust resistance and have reduced the number of effective rust-resistance genes that are available for use. The migration patterns of wheat rusts are characterized by identifying their virulence against important rust resistance genes in wheat and by the use of molecular markers.
小麦锈病是重要的真菌性植物病原体，可通过风在各大洲和海洋传播数千公里。锈病是专性寄生菌，以基因对基因的方式与小麦中的抗性基因相互作用。锈病的新小种通过突变和对小麦锈病抗性基因的毒性选择而产生。近年来，小麦叶锈病、小麦条锈病和小麦秆锈病的新小种已传入不同大陆的小麦产区。这些新小种的传入使培育具有持久锈病抗性的小麦品种的工作变得复杂，并减少了可供使用的有效锈病抗性基因的数量。小麦锈病的迁移模式通过鉴定其对小麦中重要锈病抗性基因的毒性以及使用分子标记来表征。
