Davidovich Esti, Davidovits Miriam, Eidelman Eliezer, Schwarz Zvi, Bimstein Enrique
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.
Pediatr Dent. 2005 Mar-Apr;27(2):98-106.
The objective of this manuscript was to describe the pathophysiology and the systemic and oral implications of chronic renal failure (CRF), end-stage renal failure (ESRF), and renal replacement therapy (RRT) in children and adolescents. Improvement in treatment modalities of CRF, ESRF, and RRT have resulted in an increase in survival, and better health in children and adolescents with renal failure. Therefore, dentists are expected to encounter an increasing number of patients with renal failure needing oral care. Renal failure leads to a state of intoxication known as uremia, which is associated with extra-renal multi-organ involvement. Oral findings frequently include: (1) excessive plaque accumulation; (2) gingivitis; (3) gingival overgrowth; and (4) enamel hypoplasia. Some cases develop periodontitis. It is hoped that the present review will lead to a better understanding of the systemic and oral abnormalities in children and adolescents with renal failure and provide guidance for their treatment and, ultimately, better treatment outcome.
本手稿的目的是描述慢性肾衰竭（CRF）、终末期肾衰竭（ESRF）以及儿童和青少年肾替代治疗（RRT）的病理生理学、全身影响和口腔影响。CRF、ESRF和RRT治疗方式的改善使生存率提高，肾衰竭儿童和青少年的健康状况也更好。因此，预计牙医将会遇到越来越多需要口腔护理的肾衰竭患者。肾衰竭会导致一种称为尿毒症的中毒状态，这与肾外多器官受累有关。口腔表现通常包括：（1）菌斑过度积聚；（2）牙龈炎；（3）牙龈增生；（4）牙釉质发育不全。一些病例会发展为牙周炎。希望本综述能使人们更好地了解肾衰竭儿童和青少年的全身及口腔异常情况，并为其治疗提供指导，最终实现更好的治疗效果。
