Tovanabutra Sodsai, Brodine Stephanie K, Mascola John R, Sankale Jean-Louis, Sanders-Buell Eric, Kim Bohye, Birx Deborah L, McCutchan Francine E
US Military HIV Research Program, Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2005 May;21(5):424-9. doi: 10.1089/aid.2005.21.424.
Infections with non-B HIV-1 subtypes are rare in the United States, but comprise a significant percentage of infections among U.S. military personnel. Risk behavior while on overseas deployment correlates with non-B infection in this population. Extensive genetic characterization will be required to define HIV-1 diversity, and to effectively evaluate requirements for HIV-1 vaccines and other prevention strategies in this group. From 1997 to 2000, 520 recent seroconverters, identified through routine HIV-1 testing in the U.S. active military force, volunteered for a prospective study. V3 loop serology or partial genome sequencing identified 28 non- B subtype infections; 14 were studied by full genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Five strains were CRF01_AE. Four of these clustered with CM240 from Thailand, and one clustered with African CRF01_AE. Four strains were CRF02_AG, prevalent in West and West Central Africa. Two strains were subtype C. One strain was a unique recombinant between CRF01_AE and subtype B, and another was a complex unique recombinant between subtype A and D. The final strain was a member of a complex circulating recombinant first identified in Senegal, CRF09_cpx, incorporating subtypes A, F, G, and an unclassified genome. This diversity of non-B subtype HIV-1 strains, encompassing three globally prevalent non-B strains and including rare or even possibly unique strains, illustrates the breadth of U.S. military exposure while deployed and sets the bar higher for breadth of cross-subtype protection to be afforded by an HIV-1 vaccine.
非B型HIV-1亚型感染在美国较为罕见，但在美国军事人员感染中占相当大的比例。该人群在海外部署期间的危险行为与非B型感染相关。需要进行广泛的基因特征分析来确定HIV-1的多样性，并有效评估该群体对HIV-1疫苗和其他预防策略的需求。1997年至2000年，通过对美国现役军事人员进行常规HIV-1检测，确定了520名近期血清转化者，他们自愿参加一项前瞻性研究。V3环血清学或部分基因组测序确定了28例非B亚型感染；其中14例通过全基因组测序和系统发育分析进行研究。5株为CRF01_AE。其中4株与来自泰国的CM240聚类，1株与非洲CRF01_AE聚类。4株为CRF02_AG，在西非和中西部非洲流行。2株为C亚型。1株是CRF01_AE和B亚型之间的独特重组体，另1株是A亚型和D亚型之间的复杂独特重组体。最后1株是在塞内加尔首次发现的复杂循环重组体CRF09_cpx的成员，包含A、F、G亚型和一个未分类的基因组。这种非B亚型HIV-1毒株的多样性，包括三种全球流行的非B毒株，以及罕见甚至可能独特的毒株，说明了美国军事人员在部署期间接触的广度，并提高了HIV-1疫苗提供跨亚型保护广度的标准。
