Sathyamala C, Mittal Onkar, Dasgupta Rajib, Priya Ritu
Centre of Social Medicine and Community Health, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
Int J Health Serv. 2005;35(2):361-83. doi: 10.2190/K882-9792-3QYX-JKTD.
The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) promised eradication of polio by the year 2000 and certification of eradication by 2005. The first deadline is already a matter of history. With the reporting of polio cases in 2004, the new deadline for polio eradication by 2004 is postponed further. This article seeks to argue that the scientific and technical bodies spear-heading the GPEI, including the WHO, UNICEF, and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control, have formulated a conceptually flawed strategy and that it is not weak political will that is the central obstacle in this final push for global eradication. The validity of the claims of "near success" by the proponents of the GPEI is also examined in detail. By taking India as a case study, the authors examine the achievements of the GPEI in nine years of intense effort since 1995. They conclude that the GPEI is yet another exercise in mismanaging the health priorities and programs in developing countries in the era of globalization.
全球根除脊髓灰质炎行动（GPEI）承诺在2000年根除脊髓灰质炎，并在2005年认证根除成果。第一个期限已然成为历史。随着2004年脊髓灰质炎病例的报告，将2004年作为根除脊髓灰质炎新期限的目标进一步推迟。本文旨在论证，引领全球根除脊髓灰质炎行动的科学技术机构，包括世界卫生组织、联合国儿童基金会和美国疾病控制中心，制定了一个概念上有缺陷的战略，而且在这一全球根除行动的最后冲刺阶段，核心障碍并非政治意愿薄弱。文中还详细审视了全球根除脊髓灰质炎行动支持者所宣称的“接近成功”的说法是否合理。作者以印度为例，研究了全球根除脊髓灰质炎行动自1995年以来九年高强度努力所取得的成果。他们得出结论，全球根除脊髓灰质炎行动是全球化时代又一次对发展中国家卫生优先事项和项目管理不善的行动。
