MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012 Nov 9;61(44):899-904.
In 1988, the World Health Assembly launched the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) and, in 2012, declared the completion of polio eradication a programmatic emergency for global public health. To date, wild poliovirus (WPV) cases reported worldwide in 2012 are at historically low levels. Nigeria is one of only three countries with uninterrupted WPV transmission (in addition to Pakistan and Afghanistan) and has been the origin of WPV imported into 25 previously polio-free countries since 2003. This report updates previous reports and describes polio eradication activities and progress in Nigeria during January 2011-September 2012, as of October 30, 2012. The number of reported WPV cases increased from 21 in 2010 to 62 in 2011. During January-September 2012, a total of 99 WPV cases were reported, more than doubling from the 42 cases reported during the same period in 2011. During 2011, a total of 32 circulating vaccine-derived polio virus type 2 (cVDPV2) cases were confirmed; six cVDPV2 cases were confirmed during January-September 2012, compared with 18 cVDPV2 cases during the same period in 2011. Nigeria's 2012 Polio Eradication Emergency Plan includes senior government leadership oversight, new program management and strategic initiatives, an accountability framework, and a surge in human resources to address chronically missed children during supplemental immunization activities (SIAs).* In 2012, indicators of immunization campaign quality show modest improvements; available data indicate gaps in surveillance. Continuing WPV transmission in Nigeria poses an ongoing risk for WPV reintroduction and outbreaks in polio-free countries and is a major obstacle to achieving global eradication.
1988 年，世界卫生大会发起全球消灭脊灰炎倡议（GPEI），并于 2012 年宣布消灭脊灰炎工作成为全球公共卫生的紧急方案。迄今为止，2012 年全球报告的野生脊灰病毒（WPV）病例处于历史最低水平。尼日利亚是三个脊灰炎持续传播的国家之一（另两个国家是巴基斯坦和阿富汗），自 2003 年以来，该国一直是 WPV 传入 25 个无脊灰炎国家的源头。本报告更新了以往报告，描述了 2011 年 1 月至 2012 年 9 月期间尼日利亚的脊灰炎消灭工作和进展情况，截至 2012 年 10 月 30 日。WPV 报告病例数从 2010 年的 21 例增加到 2011 年的 62 例。2012 年 1 月至 9 月，共报告 99 例 WPV 病例，比 2011 年同期报告的 42 例增加了一倍多。2011 年共确认 32 例循环疫苗衍生脊灰病毒 2 型（cVDPV2）病例；2012 年 1 月至 9 月期间共确认 6 例 cVDPV2 病例，而 2011 年同期为 18 例。尼日利亚 2012 年脊灰炎紧急计划包括高级政府领导监督、新的方案管理和战略举措、问责框架以及在补充免疫活动期间增加人力资源以解决长期未接种疫苗儿童的问题。*2012 年，免疫运动质量指标显示略有改善；现有数据表明监测存在差距。尼日利亚持续的 WPV 传播对无脊灰炎国家 WPV 再次传入和暴发构成持续风险，是实现全球消灭脊灰炎的主要障碍。
