Matsumura Takayo, Nakayama Takeo, Okamoto Shigeru, Ito Hideko
Department of Health Informatics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan.
BMC Public Health. 2005 Jun 4;5:59. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-5-59.
Due to low vaccine coverage, Japan has not only experienced outbreaks of measles but has also been exporting it overseas. This study aims to survey measles vaccine coverage and the factors uncompleted vaccination among community-living children.
Subjects were the parents whose children had undergone either an 18-month or a 36-month checkup publicly provided by Kyoto City during November 2001 to January 2002. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted.
The coverage was 73.2% among the 18-month-old children (n = 2707) and 88.9% among the 36-month-old children (n = 2340), respectively. The following characteristics of mothers were related to uncompleted measles vaccination: aged below 30, working, concerned about the adverse events of the vaccine, and had insufficient knowledge. Similarly, the following characteristics among children were related to uncompleted measles vaccination: not the first-born child, interacting with other children in group settings. The coverage was the lowest among the children whose mothers were concerned about the adverse events of the vaccine without proper knowledge of measles and its vaccination.
To increase vaccine coverage among children, parents' awareness about measles and vaccination against it should be promoted, especially for working mothers. Efforts to enhance access to vaccination services and to communicate with parents about changing vaccination schedules are necessary.
由于疫苗接种率低，日本不仅经历了麻疹疫情，还将其传播到了海外。本研究旨在调查社区儿童的麻疹疫苗接种率以及未完成疫苗接种的影响因素。
研究对象为2001年11月至2002年1月期间在京都市接受过18个月或36个月免费体检的儿童的家长。采用匿名自填式问卷调查。
18个月大儿童（n = 2707）的接种率为73.2%，36个月大儿童（n = 2340）的接种率为88.9%。母亲的以下特征与未完成麻疹疫苗接种有关：年龄在30岁以下、有工作、担心疫苗不良反应以及知识不足。同样，儿童的以下特征与未完成麻疹疫苗接种有关：非头胎、在集体环境中与其他儿童互动。母亲担心疫苗不良反应但对麻疹及其疫苗接种缺乏正确认识的儿童接种率最低。
为提高儿童疫苗接种率，应提高家长对麻疹及其疫苗接种的认识，尤其是在职母亲。有必要努力增加疫苗接种服务的可及性，并就疫苗接种时间表的变化与家长进行沟通。
