Wjst Matthias
Institut für Epidemiologie GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit Ingolstädter, Landstrasse 1 D-85758, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany.
Clin Mol Allergy. 2005 Jun 5;3:7. doi: 10.1186/1476-7961-3-7.
A low allergy rate in coal and wood heated homes has been described in the small villages in the Alpine foothills and subsequently found to be associated with the farming environment. This was interpreted within the framework of the hygiene hypothesis but there are also alternative explanations. Lower air pollution could be one reason, which is, however, unlikely since the differences between the Bavarian countryside and the Munich municipal area were only weak. There could be genetic differences between the urban and rural population by previous isolation or by self-selection. The potential drop-out of allergy genes, however, will also not explain the absent increase of allergies in two generations. More likely, other lifestyle factors are important. Dietary habits are different in farmers and a less frequent vitamin D supplementation of newborns (otherwise expected to be allergy promoting) has been shown recently. The underlying cause for the "non-allergic farm child" remains speculative until the transfer of any farm-associated factor is leading to a similar risk reduction in the general population.
在阿尔卑斯山山麓的小村庄中，有人描述了在使用煤炭和木材取暖的家庭中过敏率较低的情况，随后发现这与农业环境有关。这是在卫生假说的框架内进行解释的，但也有其他解释。空气污染较低可能是一个原因，然而，这似乎不太可能，因为巴伐利亚乡村和慕尼黑市区之间的差异很小。城乡人口之间可能由于先前的隔离或自我选择而存在基因差异。然而，过敏基因的潜在消失也无法解释两代人中过敏症没有增加的情况。更有可能的是，其他生活方式因素很重要。农民的饮食习惯不同，最近还发现新生儿补充维生素D的频率较低（否则预计会促进过敏）。在任何与农场相关的因素转移到普通人群中并导致类似的风险降低之前，“非过敏农场儿童”的潜在原因仍具有推测性。
