Springer A D, Hendrickson A E
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
Vis Neurosci. 2005 Mar-Apr;22(2):171-85. doi: 10.1017/S095252380522206X.
By establishing an avascular, highly elastic, region within the fetal area of high acuity (AHA), the developing primate eye has created a unique substrate on which the mechanical forces of intraocular pressure (IOP) and growth-induced retinal stretch (stretch) can act. We proposed (Springer & Hendrickson, 2004b) that these forces generate both the pit and high cone density found in the adult AHA. In this paper, we use quantitative measures to determine the temporal relationships between nasal and temporal retinal elongation, changes in pit depth, cone packing, and cone morphology over M. nemestrina retinal development. Retinal length increased rapidly to about 105 days postconception (dpc; Phase 1) and then elongation virtually ceased (Phase 2) until just after birth (180 dpc). Retinal elongation due to stretch resumed during Phase 3 until approximately 315 dpc (4-5 months), after which time the retina appeared mature (Phase 4). The pit appeared during the quiescent Phase 2, suggesting that IOP acts, in conjunction with molecular changes in the inner retina, on the highly elastic, avascular, AHA to generate a deep, narrow pit and causes inner retinal cellular displacements. Subsequently (Phase 3), the pit widened, became 50% shallower and central inner retinal lamina thinned slightly due to a small amount of retinal stretch occurring in the AHA. Centripetal movement of cones was minimal until just after birth when the pit reached 88% of its maximal depth. Accelerated cone packing during Phase 3 was temporally correlated with increased stretch.
通过在高敏锐度胎儿区域（AHA）内建立一个无血管、高弹性的区域，发育中的灵长类动物眼睛创造了一个独特的基质，眼内压（IOP）和生长诱导的视网膜拉伸（拉伸）的机械力可以作用于其上。我们提出（Springer & Hendrickson，2004b），这些力产生了成年AHA中发现的凹陷和高视锥细胞密度。在本文中，我们使用定量测量来确定猕猴视网膜发育过程中鼻侧和颞侧视网膜伸长、凹陷深度变化、视锥细胞堆积和视锥细胞形态之间的时间关系。视网膜长度在受孕后约105天（dpc；第1阶段）迅速增加，然后伸长几乎停止（第2阶段），直到出生后不久（180 dpc）。由于拉伸导致的视网膜伸长在第3阶段恢复，直到大约315 dpc（4 - 5个月），此后视网膜似乎成熟（第4阶段）。凹陷出现在静止的第2阶段，这表明眼内压与视网膜内层的分子变化一起作用于高弹性、无血管的AHA，以产生一个深而窄的凹陷，并导致视网膜内层细胞移位。随后（第3阶段），凹陷变宽，变浅50%，视网膜中央内层略有变薄，这是由于AHA中发生了少量的视网膜拉伸。视锥细胞的向心运动最小，直到出生后不久凹陷达到其最大深度的88%。第3阶段视锥细胞堆积加速与拉伸增加在时间上相关。
