Johns Louise C
Section of Neuroimaging, PO 67, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kindgom.
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2005 Jun;7(3):162-7. doi: 10.1007/s11920-005-0049-9.
Although hallucinations occur in a range of organic and psychiatric conditions, they are not invariably a sign of illness and also occur in "normal" individuals. Evidence indicates that psychotic hallucinations lie on a continuum with normal experiences, and many more people experience hallucinations than meet criteria for clinical psychosis. In addition to a symptomatic continuum between normal individuals and patients with psychosis, there is evidence that hallucinatory experiences in nonclinical and clinical samples may share the same underlying etiologic influences, including sociodemographic risk factors and neurocognitive mechanisms. Predictors of patient status include beliefs about hallucinations, negative mood, and perceived lack of control.
尽管幻觉会出现在一系列器质性和精神性疾病中，但它们并非总是疾病的征兆，也会出现在“正常”个体身上。有证据表明，精神病性幻觉与正常体验处于一个连续体上，经历幻觉的人比符合临床精神病标准的人要多得多。除了正常个体和精神病患者之间存在症状连续体外，还有证据表明，非临床和临床样本中的幻觉体验可能受到相同的潜在病因影响，包括社会人口统计学风险因素和神经认知机制。患者状态的预测因素包括对幻觉的信念、消极情绪和感知到的缺乏控制感。
