Laird R, Dawkins R L, Gaudieri S
Centre for Forensic Science, School of Anatomy and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley Ave., Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
Forensic Sci Int. 2005 Jul 16;151(2-3):249-57. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.02.018. Epub 2005 Apr 21.
The genomic matching technique (GMT) targets duplicated polymorphic sequences within genomic blocks in the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC), differentiating between individuals at the DNA level using a single primer pair per block. The GMT is currently used to supplement human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing to match donor and recipient pairs for bone marrow transplantation and has the potential to be employed as a powerful exclusion tool in forensic biology. The GMT is highly reproducible, produces DNA profiles from less than 1 ng of DNA and was successfully employed to profile a range of forensic samples including buccal swabs, handled objects and fingerprints. Furthermore, GMT profiles from a single genomic block in the MHC are likely to be more discriminatory than known highly polymorphic short tandem repeat (STR) loci such as ACTBP2. As such, the GMT can reduce the cost of investigations that require profiling of multiple suspects or samples from one or more crime scenes and could be extended to profile genomic blocks in other polymorphic genetic systems in the human genome.
基因组匹配技术（GMT）针对人类主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）基因组区域内的重复多态性序列，每个区域使用一对引物在DNA水平上区分个体。目前，GMT用于辅助人类白细胞抗原（HLA）分型，以匹配骨髓移植的供体和受体对，并且有潜力成为法医生物学中一种强大的排除工具。GMT具有高度可重复性，能从不到1 ng的DNA中生成DNA图谱，并成功应用于一系列法医样本的分析，包括口腔拭子、经手物品和指纹。此外，来自MHC单个基因组区域的GMT图谱可能比已知的高度多态性短串联重复序列（STR）位点（如ACTBP2）更具鉴别力。因此，GMT可以降低对多个嫌疑人或来自一个或多个犯罪现场的样本进行分析所需的调查成本，并且可以扩展到对人类基因组中其他多态性遗传系统的基因组区域进行分析。
