非裔美国和白人少女的早餐摄入量与钙和纤维摄入量呈正相关，与体重指数呈负相关。

Breakfast consumption by African-American and white adolescent girls correlates positively with calcium and fiber intake and negatively with body mass index.

作者信息

Affenito Sandra G, Thompson Douglas R, Barton Bruce A, Franko Debra L, Daniels Stephen R, Obarzanek Eva, Schreiber George B, Striegel-Moore Ruth H

机构信息

Department of Nutrition, Saint Joseph College, West Hartford, CT, USA.

出版信息

J Am Diet Assoc. 2005 Jun;105(6):938-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2005.03.003.

DOI:10.1016/j.jada.2005.03.003

PMID:15942545

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To describe age- and race-related differences in breakfast consumption and to examine the association of breakfast intake with dietary calcium and fiber and body mass index (BMI).

DESIGN

Data from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study, a 9-year, longitudinal biracial cohort study with annual 3-day food records.

SUBJECTS/SETTING: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study recruited 2,379 girls (1,166 white and 1,213 African American), aged 9 or 10 years at baseline for an observational study. Retention rates were very high at visits two through four (96%, 94%, and 91%), but declined to a low of 82% at visit seven, and increased to 89% at visit 10.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Frequency of breakfast consumption, dietary calcium and fiber, and BMI.

STATISTICAL ANALYSES

Generalized estimation equations methodology was used to examine differences in the frequency of breakfast eating by age and race. Generalized estimation equations analyses were also conducted to test whether breakfast consumption was predictive of intake of dietary calcium and fiber, and BMI, adjusting for potentially confounding effects of site, age, race, parental education, physical activity, and total energy intake.

RESULTS

Frequency of breakfast eating declined with age, white girls reported more frequent breakfast consumption than African-American girls, and the racial difference decreased with increasing age. Days eating breakfast were associated with higher calcium and fiber intake in all models, regardless of adjustment variables. Days eating breakfast were predictive of lower BMI in models that adjusted for basic demographics (ie, site, age, and race), but the independent effect of breakfast was no longer significant after parental education, energy intake, and physical activity were added to the model.

CONCLUSIONS

Dietetics professionals need to promote the importance of consuming breakfast to all children and adolescents, especially African-American girls.

摘要

目的

描述早餐消费方面与年龄和种族相关的差异，并研究早餐摄入量与膳食钙、纤维及体重指数（BMI）之间的关联。

设计

来自美国国立心肺血液研究所生长与健康研究的数据，这是一项为期9年的纵向双种族队列研究，每年有3天的食物记录。

受试者/研究背景：美国国立心肺血液研究所生长与健康研究招募了2379名女孩（1166名白人女孩和1213名非裔美国女孩），她们在基线时年龄为9或10岁，参与一项观察性研究。在第二至第四次访视时保留率非常高（分别为96%、94%和91%），但在第七次访视时降至82%的低点，在第十次访视时升至89%。

主要观察指标

早餐消费频率、膳食钙和纤维以及BMI。

统计分析

采用广义估计方程方法来研究按年龄和种族划分的早餐食用频率差异。还进行了广义估计方程分析，以检验早餐消费是否能预测膳食钙和纤维的摄入量以及BMI，并对地点、年龄、种族、父母教育程度、身体活动和总能量摄入等潜在混杂效应进行调整。

结果

早餐食用频率随年龄增长而下降，白人女孩报告的早餐消费频率高于非裔美国女孩，且种族差异随年龄增长而减小。在所有模型中，无论调整变量如何，吃早餐的天数与更高的钙和纤维摄入量相关。在调整了基本人口统计学因素（即地点、年龄和种族）的模型中，吃早餐的天数可预测较低的BMI，但在模型中加入父母教育程度、能量摄入和身体活动后，早餐的独立影响不再显著。