Song Won O, Chun Ock Kyoung, Obayashi Saori, Cho Susan, Chung Chin Eun
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1224, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2005 Sep;105(9):1373-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2005.06.002.
To test the hypothesis that breakfast consumption is associated with weight status measured by body mass index in US adults.
Analyses of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2000.
PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: Men and women aged > or = 19 years (N=4,218), excluding pregnant and/or lactating women.
SAS (release 8.1, 2000, SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC) and SUDAAN (release 8.0.2, 2003, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC) software were used to calculate sample-weighted means, standard errors, and population percentages of breakfast consumers. Multiple logistic and linear regression models, with controls for covariates, were used to determine the predictability of body mass index from breakfast consumption and from inclusion of ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) in the breakfast meal.
Breakfast consumers were more likely than breakfast nonconsumers to be older, female, white, nonsmokers, regular exercisers, and trying to control their weight. For women, daily energy intake was higher among breakfast consumers than among breakfast nonconsumers; for both men and women, energy intake from fat among RTEC breakfast consumers was significantly lower than among non-RTEC breakfast consumers, whereas energy from carbohydrate among RTEC breakfast consumers was significantly higher than among non-RTEC breakfast consumers. For women, the odds ratios for BMI > or = 25 were lower for breakfast consumers (odds ratio = 0.76) and RTEC breakfast consumers (odds ratio = 0.70) compared with breakfast nonconsumers and non-RTEC breakfast consumers, respectively, after adjusting the models for covariates. When RTEC consumption was added as a covariate, breakfast consumers no longer exhibited significantly lower odds ratios compared with breakfast nonconsumers. Furthermore, regression analyses supported an inverse association between RTEC breakfast consumption and body mass index in women (regression coefficient = -0.37, P<.01) after adjusting for covariates.
When we document the association of breakfast consumption with lower prevalence of overweight and obesity, types of meal should be considered as an important determinant. RTEC breakfast consumption, associated with a desirable macronutrient profile for preventing obesity, predicted weight status in women, but not in men. In addition to sex difference in the association of breakfast consumption and RTEC breakfast consumption with lower prevalence of overweight, the effects of physiological variables and health-related behaviors on the relationship between total and RTEC intake at breakfast and weight status, remain to be established.
检验早餐摄入与美国成年人通过体重指数衡量的体重状况相关这一假设。
对1999 - 2000年国家健康与营养检查调查数据进行分析。
参与者/研究背景：年龄大于或等于19岁的男性和女性（N = 4218），不包括孕妇和/或哺乳期妇女。
使用SAS（版本8.1，2000，SAS研究所，北卡罗来纳州卡里）和SUDAAN（版本8.0.2，2003，三角研究园研究所，北卡罗来纳州三角研究园）软件计算早餐消费者的样本加权均值、标准误差和总体百分比。采用多因素逻辑回归和线性回归模型，并对协变量进行控制，以确定早餐摄入以及早餐中包含即食谷物（RTEC）对体重指数的预测能力。
早餐消费者比不吃早餐者更可能年龄较大、为女性、是白人、不吸烟、经常锻炼且试图控制体重。对于女性，早餐消费者的每日能量摄入量高于不吃早餐者；对于男性和女性，食用RTEC早餐者的脂肪能量摄入量显著低于非RTEC早餐消费者，而食用RTEC早餐者的碳水化合物能量摄入量显著高于非RTEC早餐消费者。对于女性，在对模型进行协变量调整后，早餐消费者（优势比 = 0.76）和RTEC早餐消费者（优势比 = 0.70）的BMI≥25的优势比分别低于不吃早餐者和非RTEC早餐消费者。当将RTEC摄入量作为协变量纳入时，早餐消费者与不吃早餐者相比，优势比不再显著降低。此外，回归分析支持在调整协变量后，女性中RTEC早餐摄入与体重指数呈负相关（回归系数 = -0.37，P <.01）。
当我们记录早餐摄入与超重和肥胖较低患病率之间的关联时，应将餐食类型视为一个重要决定因素。与预防肥胖的理想宏量营养素分布相关的RTEC早餐摄入可预测女性的体重状况，但对男性则不然。除了早餐摄入和RTEC早餐摄入与超重较低患病率之间关联存在性别差异外，生理变量和健康相关行为对早餐总摄入量和RTEC摄入量与体重状况之间关系的影响仍有待确定。
