青少年时期早餐频率和组成的变化：巴西队列青少年营养评估纵向研究。
Changes in breakfast frequency and composition during adolescence: The Adolescent Nutritional Assessment Longitudinal Study, a cohort from Brazil.
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2018 Jul 19;13(7):e0200587. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200587. eCollection 2018.
OBJECTIVES
To estimate changes over time of breakfast frequency and foods/food groups consumed at breakfast.
METHODS
Cohort of 809 students aged 10-16 years old from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, enrolled in 2010, and followed for three years. Breakfast skippers were those not eating breakfast. Those with breakfast frequency of 4 or less times per week were considered irregular breakfast eaters. Changes over time of breakfast frequency and breakfast foods/food groups were analyzed by generalized estimating equations.
RESULTS
At baseline, overweight/obese girls had higher prevalence of irregular breakfast than those non-overweight/obese (40% vs. 26%; p = 0.005); among boys, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of irregular breakfast according to weight status. After three years, among girls there was an increase in the risk of irregular breakfast consumption (RR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.08; 1.54) and breakfast skipping (RR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.12; 2.38). Also, overweight/obese boys (RR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.89) and non-overweight/obese girls (RR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.17, 2.04) had higher risk of irregular breakfast in three years, compared to baseline. After three years, boys changed the consumption of foods/food groups at breakfast and presented higher risk of decreased intake of fruits (RR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.20, 2.13), sandwiches and snacks (RR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.22), chips (RR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.13), and ham (RR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.07), and lower risk of cheese intake (RR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.53, 1.00). Girls had higher risk of decreased intake of fruits (RR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.47, 2.95), milk (RR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.08), chocolate powder (RR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.14) and ham (RR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.36).
CONCLUSIONS
Changes in breakfast patterns are different according to sex. Also, different changes in breakfast frequency according to BMI category were found. Consumption patterns of some foods/food groups have a tendency to become changed from initial to middle adolescence.
目的
评估早餐频率随时间的变化以及早餐时所食用的食物/食物组。
方法
本队列研究纳入了来自巴西里约热内卢 809 名年龄在 10-16 岁的学生，于 2010 年入组并随访 3 年。不吃早餐的学生被视为不吃早餐者。每周吃早餐 4 次或以下的学生被认为是不规则早餐者。通过广义估计方程分析早餐频率和早餐食物/食物组随时间的变化。
结果
在基线时，超重/肥胖女孩不规则早餐的发生率高于非超重/肥胖女孩（40%比 26%；p=0.005）；在男孩中，根据体重状况，不规则早餐的发生率没有显著差异。3 年后，女孩不规则早餐消费（RR=1.29；95%CI：1.08；1.54）和不吃早餐（RR=1.63；95%CI：1.12；2.38）的风险增加。此外，超重/肥胖男孩（RR=1.40，95%CI：1.03，1.89）和非超重/肥胖女孩（RR=1.54，95%CI：1.17，2.04）与基线相比，3 年后不规则早餐的风险更高。3 年后，男孩改变了早餐时食用的食物/食物组，水果摄入减少的风险更高（RR=1.60，95%CI：1.20，2.13），三明治和零食（RR=1.58，95%CI：1.12，2.22），薯片（RR=1.43，95%CI：1.01，2.13）和火腿（RR=1.52，95%CI：1.12，2.07），奶酪摄入的风险更低（RR=0.73，95%CI：0.53，1.00）。女孩水果摄入减少的风险更高（RR=2.08，95%CI：1.47，2.95），牛奶（RR=1.49，95%CI：1.07，2.08），巧克力粉（RR=1.54，95%CI：1.11，2.14）和火腿（RR=1.65，95%CI：1.16，2.36）。
结论
根据性别，早餐模式的变化不同。此外，根据 BMI 类别，早餐频率的变化也不同。一些食物/食物组的消费模式在从初始到青春期中期有趋于改变的趋势。
Zotero 插件