Waldstein Shari R, Brown Jessica R P, Maier Karl J, Katzel Leslie I
Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
Ann Behav Med. 2005 Jun;29(3):174-80. doi: 10.1207/s15324796abm2903_3.
Hypertension is associated with diminished performance on tests of cognitive function. The degree to which those diagnosed with hypertension have controlled blood pressure (BP) levels may be a critical determinant of cognitive outcomes. Persons with hypertension and poorly controlled BP are likely to display the worst performance on cognitive tests.
The purpose is to examine potential interactive relations of hypertension diagnostic status and current BP levels to cognitive function.
Participants were 101 healthy older adults (ages 53-84, 62% male, 90% White, 29% diagnosed with hypertension) who engaged in biomedical and neuropsychological assessment.
After statistical adjustment for age and education, persons with high BP performed more poorly than those with normal BP on the Visual Reproductions-Immediate and Delayed Recall and the Grooved Pegboard tests. Diagnosed hypertension was related to poorer performance on the Grooved Pegboard tests. An interaction of diagnosed hypertension and BP level revealed that those diagnosed with hypertension and also having poorly controlled BP levels performed least well on the Grooved Pegboard tests and the Trail Making Test-Part A.
Irrespective of prior diagnostic status, individuals with high BP displayed compromised performance on tests of nonverbal memory, motor speed, and manual dexterity. However, as compared to the other groups, those diagnosed with hypertension and also having poorly controlled BP elevation were most vulnerable to difficulties on tests of perceptuo-motor speed, motor speed, and manual dexterity. These findings suggest the need for increased attention to preventative efforts with respect to BP assessment and control in older adults to help preserve cognitive function.
高血压与认知功能测试表现下降有关。被诊断为高血压的患者其血压控制水平可能是认知结果的关键决定因素。患有高血压且血压控制不佳的人在认知测试中可能表现最差。
目的是研究高血压诊断状态和当前血压水平与认知功能之间潜在的交互关系。
参与者为101名健康的老年人（年龄53 - 84岁，62%为男性，90%为白人，29%被诊断为高血压），他们接受了生物医学和神经心理学评估。
在对年龄和教育程度进行统计调整后，高血压患者在视觉再现即时和延迟回忆以及沟槽钉板测试中的表现比血压正常者更差。确诊的高血压与沟槽钉板测试中较差的表现有关。确诊高血压与血压水平的交互作用表明，那些被诊断为高血压且血压控制不佳的人在沟槽钉板测试和连线测验A部分中表现最差。
无论先前的诊断状态如何，高血压患者在非言语记忆、运动速度和手部灵活性测试中表现受损。然而，与其他组相比，那些被诊断为高血压且血压升高控制不佳的人在感知运动速度、运动速度和手部灵活性测试中最容易出现困难。这些发现表明需要更加关注老年人血压评估和控制的预防措施，以帮助保持认知功能。
