Anderson D M, Duffy K, Hallett C D, Marcus A C
Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Public Health Rep. 1992 May-Jun;107(3):278-83.
Since 1983, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) has collected data by means of its Cancer Information Service (CIS), a toll-free telephone helpline for health care professionals and members of the public who have questions about cancer treatment, diagnosis, and prevention. These data reveal information about the characteristics of callers and their questions and about how inquiries reflect mass media promotions and secular trends. A request for a publication is the most common type of inquiry, followed by information about specific cancer sites, smoking prevention and cessation, other types of prevention, cancer treatment, cancer symptoms, referrals to physicians, NCI clinical trials, hospital and clinic-based screening programs, and general counseling or coping. Breast cancer is the most common cancer of interest, followed by respiratory system cancers, colon and prostate cancers, leukemia, melanoma, nonHodgkin's lymphoma, cervical cancer, general or unspecified skin cancer, and ovarian cancer. Responding to these other caller inquiries, CIS counselors may proactively guide callers to a desirable goal, such as screening mammography. Protocols have been developed to assist counselors' proactive efforts, and preliminary results are beginning to support this approach. The findings gathered in this study underscore the health education potential of telephone helplines and point to the need for controlled evaluation research on the effectiveness of proactive counselor advice.
自1983年以来，美国国立癌症研究所（NCI）通过其癌症信息服务（CIS）收集数据。CIS是一条免费电话热线，面向那些对癌症治疗、诊断和预防有疑问的医疗保健专业人员和公众。这些数据揭示了来电者的特征、他们的问题，以及咨询如何反映大众媒体宣传和长期趋势。请求提供出版物是最常见的咨询类型，其次是关于特定癌症部位、预防和戒烟、其他预防类型、癌症治疗、癌症症状、转介医生、NCI临床试验、基于医院和诊所的筛查项目，以及一般咨询或应对的信息。乳腺癌是最常被关注的癌症，其次是呼吸系统癌症、结肠癌和前列腺癌、白血病、黑色素瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、宫颈癌、一般或未指明的皮肤癌，以及卵巢癌。为回应这些其他来电者咨询，CIS咨询员可能会主动引导来电者实现一个理想目标，比如乳腺钼靶筛查。已经制定了相关方案来协助咨询员的主动工作，初步结果开始支持这种方法。本研究收集的结果强调了电话热线的健康教育潜力，并指出需要对咨询员主动建议的有效性进行对照评估研究。
