Vodicka Petr, Smetana Karel, Dvoránková Barbora, Emerick Teresa, Xu Yingzhi Z, Ourednik Jitka, Ourednik Václav, Motlík Jan
Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Department of Physiology of Reproduction, Rumburská 89, Libechov 277 21, Czech Republic.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005 May;1049:161-71. doi: 10.1196/annals.1334.015.
Crucial prerequisites for the development of safe preclinical protocols in biomedical research are suitable animal models that would allow for human-related validation of valuable research information gathered from experimentation with lower mammals. In this sense, the miniature pig, sharing many physiological similarities with humans, offers several breeding and handling advantages (when compared to non-human primates), making it an optimal species for preclinical experimentation. The present review offers several examples taken from current research in the hope of convincing the reader that the porcine animal model has gained massively in importance in biomedical research during the last few years. The adduced examples are taken from the following fields of investigation: (a) the physiology of reproduction, where pig oocytes are being used to study chromosomal abnormalities (aneuploidy) in the adult human oocyte; (b) the generation of suitable organs for xenotransplantation using transgene expression in pig tissues; (c) the skin physiology and the treatment of skin defects using cell therapy-based approaches that take advantage of similarities between pig and human epidermis; and (d) neurotransplantation using porcine neural stem cells grafted into inbred miniature pigs as an alternative model to non-human primates xenografted with human cells.
生物医学研究中制定安全的临床前方案的关键前提是要有合适的动物模型，以便对从低等哺乳动物实验中收集到的有价值的研究信息进行与人类相关的验证。从这个意义上说，与人类有许多生理相似性的小型猪具有若干繁殖和操作方面的优势（与非人灵长类动物相比），使其成为临床前实验的理想物种。本综述提供了一些来自当前研究的例子，希望能让读者相信，在过去几年里，猪动物模型在生物医学研究中的重要性已大幅提升。所举例子来自以下研究领域：(a) 生殖生理学，其中猪卵母细胞被用于研究成年人类卵母细胞中的染色体异常（非整倍体）；(b) 利用猪组织中的转基因表达生成适合异种移植的器官；(c) 皮肤生理学以及利用基于细胞疗法的方法治疗皮肤缺陷，该方法利用了猪和人类表皮之间的相似性；(d) 将猪神经干细胞移植到近交系小型猪体内进行神经移植，作为用人细胞进行异种移植的非人灵长类动物的替代模型。
