Uguz A, Lack G, Pumphrey R, Ewan P, Warner J, Dick J, Briggs D, Clarke S, Reading D, Hourihane J
University of Southampton, UK.
Clin Exp Allergy. 2005 Jun;35(6):746-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02257.x.
Allergic reactions to food are well recognized in both children and adults, but because of their relative infrequency their typical features may not be readily recognized by patients and their medical care givers who are not allergists.
We sought to investigate the circumstances and clinical characteristics of food allergies in adults and children in the community.
Self-completed questionnaire responses over a 6-month period from 109 members of the Anaphylaxis Campaign, the major British patient resource group for people who have suffered severe allergic reactions.
One hundred and nine respondents reported 126 reactions during the study period. Seventy-five were children (under 16 years, median age 6 years at the time of reaction). Predictably more boys than girls were reported to have had reactions but more women reported reactions than men (P<0.05). Although the groups were equally aware of their food allergies the children had undergone diagnostic tests more often (P<0.001). Foods were implicated in 112 (89%) of reports. Restaurants were implicated less often (14%) than in other series, probably reflecting British eating habits. Children with asthma reported more severe reactions than those without asthma (P=0.008), although frequency or severity of recent asthma symptoms was not associated with severity of allergic reaction reported. When available, self-injectable adrenaline was used in 35% of severe reactions and 13% of non-severe reactions (P=0.01). A quarter of adults who received one dose of adrenaline also received a second dose.
The allergens implicated in this report reflect previous data from similar patient groups in North America. Asthmatic children suffer more severe reactions than non-asthmatic children. It appears that British adults need better access to expert care of their allergies. Even when it is prescribed and available self-injectable adrenaline appears under-used in severe reactions. The incidence of severe but non-fatal allergic reactions in the UK may have been underestimated in the past.
食物过敏在儿童和成人中都已得到充分认识，但由于其相对不常见，患者及其非过敏症专科的医护人员可能不容易识别其典型特征。
我们试图调查社区中成人和儿童食物过敏的情况及临床特征。
对过敏反应运动组织的109名成员在6个月期间自行填写的问卷进行了分析，该组织是英国为遭受严重过敏反应的人群提供主要患者资源的团体。
109名受访者在研究期间报告了126次过敏反应。其中75名是儿童（16岁以下，反应发生时的中位年龄为6岁）。不出所料，报告有过敏反应的男孩比女孩多，但报告有过敏反应的女性比男性多（P<0.05）。尽管两组对自己的食物过敏情况同样了解，但儿童接受诊断测试的频率更高（P<0.001）。在112份（89%）报告中涉及食物。与其他系列研究相比，餐馆涉及过敏反应的情况较少（14%），这可能反映了英国人的饮食习惯。患有哮喘的儿童报告的过敏反应比没有哮喘的儿童更严重（P=0.008），尽管近期哮喘症状的频率或严重程度与报告的过敏反应严重程度无关。在有条件的情况下，35%的严重过敏反应和13%的非严重过敏反应使用了自行注射肾上腺素（P=0.01）。四分之一接受一剂肾上腺素的成年人还接受了第二剂。
本报告中涉及的过敏原与北美类似患者群体的先前数据相符。哮喘儿童比非哮喘儿童遭受更严重的过敏反应。英国成年人似乎需要更好地获得过敏症专家的护理。即使自行注射肾上腺素已被开出处方且有药可用，但在严重过敏反应中似乎使用不足。过去，英国严重但非致命过敏反应的发生率可能被低估了。
