Iyengar A, Babu V N, Hedges S, Venkataraman A B, Maclean N, Morin P A
Laboratory for Conservation Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
Mol Ecol. 2005 Jul;14(8):2281-97. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02582.x.
The Asiatic wild dog or dhole was once very widely distributed across Asia but now has a very fragmented range. In this first genetic study of this little-known species, we obtained information on genetic diversity, phylogeography, and social structure using both mitochondrial control region sequencing and microsatellite genotyping of noninvasive faecal samples from wild populations, as well as from museum and captive samples. A pattern largely consistent with isolation by distance across the Asian mainland was observed, with no clear subspecies distinctions. However, two major phylogeographical groupings were found across the mainland, one extending from South, Central, and North India (south of the Ganges) into Myanmar, and the other extending from India north of the Ganges into northeastern India, Myanmar, Thailand and the Malaysian Peninsula. We propose a scenario involving glaciation events that could explain this pattern. The origin of the dhole populations in Sumatra and Java is enigmatic and requires further study. Very low levels of genetic diversity were observed among wild dholes from Baluran National Park in Java, Indonesia, but in contrast, high levels were observed in Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary in South India.
亚洲野犬或豺曾经广泛分布于亚洲，但如今其分布范围极为破碎。在对这个鲜为人知的物种的首次基因研究中，我们通过对野生种群以及博物馆和圈养样本的非侵入性粪便样本进行线粒体控制区测序和微卫星基因分型，获取了有关遗传多样性、系统地理学和社会结构的信息。观察到一种在很大程度上与亚洲大陆上距离隔离相符的模式，没有明显的亚种区分。然而，在大陆上发现了两个主要的系统地理分组，一个从印度南部、中部和北部（恒河以南）延伸至缅甸，另一个从恒河以北的印度延伸至印度东北部、缅甸、泰国和马来西亚半岛。我们提出了一个涉及冰川事件的情景来解释这种模式。苏门答腊岛和爪哇岛豺种群的起源尚不明朗，需要进一步研究。在印度尼西亚爪哇岛的巴鲁兰国家公园的野生豺中观察到极低水平的遗传多样性，但相比之下，在印度南部的穆杜马莱野生动物保护区观察到了高水平的遗传多样性。
